Kugcine ukubuyekezwa ngoMashi 10, 2025 ngu Izinja Vets
Cabanga ngalokhu: Uhambahamba endaweni yakini, ilanga lishona phansi, lapho inja iphikelela ngakuwe. Umsila walo uyanyakaza, amehlo alo acwebezelayo—kuze kube yilapho, ngomzuzwana nje, igxamalaza futhi inqamuke. Inhliziyo yakho iyagijima. Kwenzekani nje? Ingabe kwakuwuhlobo? Umnikazi? Noma okuthile okujulile, okuthile okuhlabayo emiqondweni yenja kanye nawe?
Minyaka yonke, izigidi zabantu—izigidi ezingu-4.5 e-US kuphela, ngokweNhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba—zibhekana nalesi simo esididayo: ukulunywa yinja okubonakala sengathi akuphumi ndawo. Kodwa nakhu okukhahlelayo: akuvamile ukuba kwenzeke ngokungahleliwe. Ngaphansi phezulu kukhona umdanso oyinkimbinkimbi wesayensi yezokusebenza kwengqondo, umzwelo wemvelo, kanye namaphutha omuntu esingakwazi ukuwanquma—futhi sikuvimbele.
Ukulunywa yizinja akusona nje izibalo noma isihloko; bayindida becela izimpendulo. Kungani izinja ziluma? Yini eshintsha ukushintsha kusuka kumdlwane odlalayo kuye kusongo oluhlabayo? Futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, singakumisa kanjani? Lokhu akukhona mayelana nokukhomba ngeminwe “izinhlobo eziyingozi” noma izibalo ezibulalayo—imayelana nokulunguza kwengqondo efihliwe ngemuva kwalezi zigameko nokusebenzisa isayensi yokuziphatha ukuze ubhale kabusha indaba. Asicwilise phakathi.
Ingqondo yeCanine: Yini Eshayela Inja Ukuze Ilume?
Izinja azivuki ziceba ukumosha usuku lwakho. Ukuziphatha kwabo kubangelwa izintambo eziyinhloko ezakhiwe ukuziphendukela kwemvelo, imvelo, kanye nemizwelo. Enhliziyweni yokulunywa okuningi kunesici esisodwa esiyinhloko: ukwesaba. Cabanga ngenja elahlekile ivalelwe ekhoneni iqembu lezingane elinomsindo—ayiboni ilukuluku lokudlala; ibona ingozi. Ubuchopho bayo bukhahlela kumodi yokusinda, egcwele i-cortisol, i-hormone yokucindezeleka. Ucwaningo lwango-2019 oluvela eNyuvesi yaseLiverpool luthole ukuthi ubudlova obusekelwe ekwesabeni bubangela u-70% wokulunywa kwezinja okubikiwe. Leyo akuyona “inja embi”—leyo yi-biology esebenzayo.
Bese kuba territoriality. Inkampani yakho yenethiwekhi iyazi kahle lena. Enjeni, igceke alilona nje utshani—liwumbuso. Lapho kufika isihambi, umuzwa wenja wenja uyamemeza, “Vikela!” Engeza ukuhlalisana okubi—ake uthi, umdlwane ongakaze uhlangane nabantu abanele noma izinja phakathi nezinyanga zayo zokuqala ezibucayi—futhi unendlela yokupheka yokungathembani. UDkt. James Serpell, isazi sokuziphatha kwezilwane esaziwayo, uphawula ukuthi izinja ezingahlali ndawonye zinamathuba aphindwe kabili okusabela ngobudlova ezenzweni ezingajwayelekile. Akuwona ububi; kungukungaqondi.
Kodwa nakhu lapho kuba mnandi khona: izinja azigcini nje ngokusabela emhlabeni—ziyafunda. us. Bayizingcweti zolimi lomzimba, becosha amagama esingazi nokuthi siyawathumela. Ukutshikizisa umsila akusho ukuthi “ujabule”—ukuqina nokuphakama kungabonisa ukuyaluza. Isayensi yokuziphatha ibonisa ukuthi izinja zikhombisa imizwa yethu, futhi. Uma ushubile, zishubile. Wake wazibuza ukuthi kungani inja yakho ikhala kumakhelwane ohlale ebonakala ethukile? Badla ngalelo vibe.
I-Human Factor: Indlela Esikuvusa Ngayo Ukulunywa Ngengozi
Masiphenye umbhalo. Izinja zingase zidonse isibhamu, kodwa sivame ukulayisha isibhamu. Abantu baziwa kabi ngokufunda izimpawu ze-canine. Leya ngane encane egona intamo yenja? Enjeni, iwukuminyanisa kumhlaseli ongaziwa. Umbiko wango-2021 ovela ku-American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) wathola ukuthi u-60% wokulunywa yizinja ezinganeni kwenzeka phakathi nokusebenzelana “kobungane” akuhambanga kahle. Sibona ukudlala; babona ingozi.
Ukungazi kwethu akugcini lapho. Amazwi amakhulu, ukunyakaza okungazelelwe, ukugqolozela inja emehlweni—konke lokhu kuyizimemo zokubonisana ngolimi lwezinja. Ngake ngabona umzala wami ejaha inja yakhe entsha yokuhlenga endlini, izingalo zikhala, ememeza, “Woza lapha, mngane!” Inja ayizange ifike. Lwathi heqe uvalo, lwaze lamnqamula iqakala. Wayemangele, kodwa enjeni, wayesanda kumemezela impi.
Ngisho nemikhuba enezisusa ezinhle ibuyisela emuva. Ukondla inja etafuleni kungase kubonakale kumnandi—kuze kube yilapho ifunda ukuqapha ukudla ngobudlova. Ukungazinaki izixwayiso ezicashile (ukugquma okuphansi, umsila ogobile) kukhulisa ukungezwani. Isayensi yokuziphatha ibiza lokhu ngokuthi “isitebhisi esikhuphukayo”—izinyathelo ezincane ezingafanele ezikhuphukela lapho elunywa khona. Umkhabi? Iningi lethu alazi nokuthi siyaligibela.
Isayensi Yokuziphatha Ekusindiseni: Ukuvimbela Okusebenzayo
Ngakho-ke, siwunqamula kanjani lo mjikelezo? Izindaba ezinhle: i-psychology ayichazi nje ukulunywa yinja-inikeza izixazululo. Ake siqale ngezinja. Ukuqeqeshwa kokuqiniswa okuhle kuyigolide lapha. Esikhundleni sokujezisa ukugquma (okungacindezela izixwayiso futhi kwenze ukulunywa kungazelelwe), vuza ukuziphatha okuzolile. Ucwaningo ku Isayensi Yokuziphatha Kwezilwane Esetshenzisiwe ibonise ukuthi izinja eziqeqeshelwe ukuphatha nokutuswa zinamathuba angama-40% okukhombisa ulaka kunalezo eziqeqeshwe ngezindlela ezisekelwe ekubuseni. Kulula: izinja ezijabule azilumi.
I-Socialization ingenye into eshintsha umdlalo. Veza imidlwane kubantu, ezindaweni, nakwezinye izinja ngaphambi kokuba ishaye amasonto angu-16—odokotela bezilwane bakubiza lokhu “ngefasitela lokuhlalisana kwabantu.” Inja enobudlelwane obuhle ayiboni wonke umuntu ongamazi njengosongo. Ngizibonele mathupha lokhu: Ilebhu yomngane wami, ekhuliswe nezivakashi ezihlala njalo, ibingelela wonke umuntu njengomngane wami owalahleka kudala. Qhathanisa lokho nomalusi wakhe omdala, ovalelwe egcekeni iminyaka, owayezithela ethunzini.
Kubantu, imfundo ibalulekile. Fundisa izingane ukuthi zisondele ezinjeni kancane, ziphakamise izandla, futhi zingaphazamisi ukudla. Abantu abadala kudingeka bayeke izinganekwane—ukubuka inja phansi akusho ukubusa; kuvusa impi. Izinhlelo ezifana nomkhankaso we-AVMA othi “Be Bite Free” zisebenzisa le migomo ukunciphisa amazinga okulunywa emiphakathini ngama-25%. Akuyona isayensi yerokhethi; ukufunda igumbi—noma intambo.
Izifundo Zempilo Yangempela: Izifundo Ezifika Ekhaya
Ake sikugxilise lokhu eqinisweni. Thatha uBella, ingxube yemigodi eneminyaka emithathu ubudala yase-Ohio. Umnikazi wakhe, uSarah, wamthatha endaweni yokukhosela, engazi ngekusasa lakhe. UBella wayephila kahle—kwaze kwaba yilapho insizwa edilivayo ishaya isicabha. Wagwaza, waphuma amazinyo, waqhumisa umlenze wakhe. USara wayedidekile. Isazi sokuziphatha sangena sabona izinkomba: Ukuqina kukaBella, ukunwebeka kwabafundi, kanye nomlando wokulahlwa kumemeza ukwesaba. Njengoba kunezinyanga eziyisithupha zokuqeqeshwa kokuqeda ukungezwani komzimba—kancane kancane wethula ukungqongqoza nokuthula okuvuzayo—uBella manje uqhweba ensimbi yasemnyango. I-Psychology iphendule "inja yenkinga" ibe yindaba yempumelelo.
Kukhona uMax, umalusi waseJalimane owalunywa kwafaka umnikazi wakhe enkantolo. UMax ugade indishi yakhe yokudla njengodrako onegolide. Umndeni wakhe ubucabanga ukuthi “kuhle” waze waluma indodana yabo phezu kwesemishi eliwisiwe. Umqeqeshi ukulandele emuva ekudliseni okungaguquki njengengane encane—Izinsiza ezifundile zika-Max zaziyindlala. Bahlela kabusha isimo sakhe sengqondo ngokudla okuhleliwe futhi kungabikho izinsalela zetafula. Ukuluma kumile. Ukuziphatha akukona ukudalelwa; iyalungiseka.
Kungani Lokhu Kubaluleke Kakhulu Kunokuba Ucabanga
Ukulunywa yizinja akuyona nje inkinga yomuntu siqu—kuyinkinga yezempilo yomphakathi. I-CDC ilinganisela ukuthi bangu-800,000 abantu baseMelika abadinga usizo lwezokwelashwa minyaka yonke, kanti izingane nabadala bahlaselwa kakhulu. Ngale kwemithungo nezibazi, kukhona ukuhlukumezeka, ukumangalelwa, nezinja ezihlutshiwe ezingalitholanga ithuba lesibili. Nokho ukulandisa kuhlala kubambelele “emihlotsheni eyingozi” noma izibalo ezomile. Kulapho isayensi yokuziphatha ikhanya khona-isusa ukugxila ekusoleni kuya ekuqondeni, ekuphenduleni kuya ekuvimbeleni.
Cabanga ngalokhu: uma singakwazi ukuphula i- kungani ngemuva kokulunywa, singakumisa ngaphambi kokuthi kwenzeke. Lokhu akukhona mayelana nokuhlambalaza izinja noma abanikazi be-coddling-imayelana nokuhlangana kokubili phakathi nendawo. Futhi inzuzo? Ukuvakasha kwegumbi lezimo eziphuthumayo kumbalwa, izilwane ezifuywayo ezijabule, kanye nomphakathi ogcina ukutholile.
Ungakuqeda Kanjani Ukuluma: Uhlelo Lwakho Lokwenza
Ingabe usukulungele ukusebenzisa lokhu? Nali ishidi lakho lokukopela:
- Funda Izimpawu: Ukukhotha izindebe, ukuzamula, noma ukufulathela kusho “ukuhlehla.” Ihloniphe.
- Qeqesha Ngaphambi kwesikhathi: Qala ukuzihlanganisa nabantu kanye nokuqiniswa okuhle ngaphambi kokuba kuqale imikhuba emibi.
- Hlala Uzolile: Amandla akho enza iphimbo—ligcine liqinile, ungajahi.
- Fundisa Wonke Umuntu: Kusukela ezinganeni kuye komakhelwane, sabalalisa izwi ngemikhuba yezinja.
- Funa Usizo: Inja ebhodlayo ayisona isizathu esilahlekile—shayela umuntu ohlola ukuziphatha, hhayi indawo yokuhlala.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa: Imibuzo Yakho Ephezulu Iyaphendulwa
1. Kungani ezinye izinja ziluma ngaphandle kwesixwayiso?
Abakwenzi—we phuthelwa izexwayiso. Izimpawu ezicashile njengomzimba oshubile noma izindlebe eziyisicaba ngokuvamile azinakwa kuze kube yilapho sekwephuze kakhulu.
2. Ikhona yini inja engaqeqeshelwa ukuthi ingalumi?
Abaningi bangakwazi, ngendlela efanele. Ukuhlukumezeka okukhulu noma izinkinga zezempilo (ezifana nobuhlungu) zingase zenze izinto zibe nzima, kodwa abantu abaziphatha ngendlela basengakwazi ukuthatha izinyathelo.
3. Ingabe ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane zivame ukulunywa?
Izakhi zofuzo zidlala indima ethile—ukwelusa izinja ukukhala, izinja ezigadayo zivikela—kodwa ukuqeqeshwa nendawo ezungezile kuyayidlula inzalo ngaso sonke isikhathi.
4. Ngiyimisa kanjani inja yami ekugadeni ukudla?
Yondla ngokungaguquki, ungalokothi ujezise, futhi usebenzise uhwebo (shintshanisa ithoyizi ukuze uthole ubumnandi) ukuze ufundise ukwabelana akukona ukulahlekelwa.
5. Yini okufanele ngiyenze uma inja ingiluma?
Hlala uzolile, hlanza isilonda, futhi ufune usizo lwezokwelapha uma lujulile. Kubike, kodwa ungacabangi ukuthi inja iyinunu—umongo ubalulekile.
Okubhekwayo
- I-University of Liverpool Isifundo Ngolaka Olusekelwe Ekwesabeni
Umthombo: University of Liverpool, 2019. Itholakala e-: https://www.liverpool.ac.uk/research/ (sesha "isifundo sokuhlukumeza izinja 2019" ukuze uthole imininingwane).
Kungani kukholakala: Ucwaningo olubuyekezwe ngontanga oluvela esikhungweni sezinga eliphezulu. - I-American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) Bite Statistics
Umthombo: AVMA, 2021. Itholakala e-: https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/pet-owners/dog-bite-prevention.
Kungani kukholakala: Iziphathimandla ezithenjwayo zezilwane ezinedatha ebanzi. - I-Applied Animal Behaviour Science Journal
Umthombo: “I-Positive Reinforcement vs. Dominance Training,” 2020. Itholakala: https://www.journalofappliedanimalbehaviorscience.com/.
Kungani kukholakala: Ijenali yezemfundo ehamba phambili ekuziphatheni kwezilwane.
Imicabango Final
Ukulunywa yizinja akudingekile ukuba kube yimfihlakalo—noma kube inhlekelele. Ngokungena ku-psychology efihlekile yezinja kanye nathi uqobo, singaguqula ukuhlangana okushubile kube ama-tail wag. Isayensi yokuziphatha akuyona nje ithiyori; iyindlela yokuphila yezilwane ezifuywayo kanye nabantu ngokufanayo. Ngakho ngokuzayo lapho uhlangana nenja, ungaboni nje amazinyo—bona ingqondo ongayiqonda. Futhi mhlawumbe, mhlawumbe, uzophinda ubhale isiphetho.
