Kugcine ukubuyekezwa ngo-Ephreli 20, 2021 ngu Izinja Vets
Konke odinga ukukwazi Mayelana ne-French Bulldog
IBulldog yaseFrance iyefana ne-bulldog e-Miniature, ngaphandle "kwezindlebe zamalulwane" ezinkulu, ezimile okuwuphawu lokuhweba lohlobo. Ikhanda likhulu futhi liyisikwele, linemibimbi esindayo ngaphezu kwekhala lakhe elifushane ngokweqile. Umzimba ongaphansi kwengubo ebushelelezi, ekhanyayo ubumbene futhi unemisipha kakhulu.
UFrenchie ogqamile nothandekayo uyintelezi. Izinja zamagama ambalwa, amaFrenchies awakhonkothi kakhulu - kepha ukuqapha kwabo kubenza babe ngabalindi abahle kakhulu.
IFulldog yaseFrance ivumelanisa kalula nanoma iyiphi indlela yokuphila nabantu abangashadile, imibhangqwana noma imindeni futhi ayidingi ukuzivocavoca kakhulu ngaphandle. Zizwana kahle nezinye izilwane futhi zithanda ukwenza abangane abasha bezinhlobo zabantu. Akumangalisi ukuthi abantu abahlala emadolobheni kusukela eParis kuya ePeoria bafunga ngalolu hlobo oluhlekisayo nolunobungani.
| Amanye amagama | I-Bouledogue français |
|---|---|
| Iziteketiso ezivamile | Ama-Frenchies |
| Origin | France |
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Isikhathi sokuphila: Iminyaka eyi-10 - engama-14
Igama lesayensi: Canis lupus Famaris
I-French Bulldog Temperament: Olula, Onothando, Obukhoma, Ojabulayo, Oxhumana nabantu, Obekezelayo, Okhanyayo, Oqaphile, Odlalelayo, Wezemidlalo
Imibala yaseFrance Bulldog: Fawn, Brindle, Mhlophe, Brindle & White, Tan
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Umxube we-French Bulldog Pug
IFrenchie Pug wuhlobo lomklami olwakhiwa ngokuwela iPug kanye neFulldog yaseFrance. Lezi zinja ezincane zinokubukeka komzimba okuxubile futhi zidla ifa lezimpawu zomzimba zabo bobabili abazali. … Baphinde bakhombise i-pug yabo umsila ogoqiwe.
IFrench Bulldog Pug Mix yaziwa nangokuthi yiFrench Bulldog Pug Mix. Yize kuncane, bakwenzela ngaphezu kobuntu.
Umlando we-French Bulldog
Izinhlobo zanamuhla zeFulldog yaseFrance zivela ngqo ezinjeni zamaMolossians, isizwe sakudala samaGrikhi. Izinja zasakazeka emhlabeni wasendulo ngabadayisi baseFenike. Izinja zaseBrithani zaseMolossian zakhiwa zaba iMastiff yesiNgisi. Ukuqothulwa kweMastiff kwakuyi-biter biter, uhlobo lwenja esetshenziselwa ukuluma inkunzi.
Bona futhi: Umlando Wenja yeRottweiler, Ukuzalela, Ukudla, Izindleko, Usayizi, Ukuqeqeshwa
Izinja zazisetshenziselwa imidlalo yegazi kuze kube yilapho ukuvinjelwa kwezinkunzi kwavinjelwa eNgilandi ngo-1835, kwashiya lezi "bulldogs" zingasebenzi. Kodwa-ke, zazikhuliswe ngenxa yezizathu ezingezona ezemidlalo kusukela okungenani ku-1800, ngakho-ke ukusetshenziswa kwazo kwashintsha kusuka kohlobo lwezemidlalo kuya kohlobo lomngane. Ukwehlisa usayizi wabo, amanye amaBulldogs awelelwa neTerriers, izinja ezishayayo ezivela "emijondolo" yaseNgilandi.
Ngo-1850, iToy Bulldog encane yayisiyinsakavukela eNgilandi futhi yavela emibonisweni yokufanisa lapho iqala cishe ngo-1860. Lezi zinja zazinesisindo esingaba ngu-7.3 kuye ku-11.3 kg (16 to 25 pounds), yize amakilasi ayetholakala nasemibukisweni yezinja kulabo isisindo sayo singaphansi kuka-5.4 kg.
Ngasikhathi sinye, abasebenzi abaphezulu be-Nottingham abashiywa dengwane yi-Industrial Revolution baqala ukuhlala eNormandy, eFrance. Beza nezinja ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi iToy Bulldogs.
I-Bulldog yaseFrance yathandwa kakhulu eFrance futhi kwasungulwa ukuhweba ngama-bulldogs amancane angenisiwe, nabafuyi eNgilandi bethumela izinkunzi ezazibhekwa njengezincane kakhulu, noma ngamaphutha afana nezindlebe ezazisukume. Ngo-1860, kwase kusele ama-Toy Bulldogs ambalwa eNgilandi, ayedume kakhulu eFrance futhi ngenxa yokuxhashazwa kwabathengisi bezinja abakhethekile.
I-bulldog encane kancane kancane yathathwa njengohlobo futhi yanikezwa igama elithi Bouledogue Francais.
Izinja beziyimfashini kakhulu futhi bezifunwa izintokazi zomphakathi kanjalo nezifebe zaseParis nabantu abadalile njengabaculi, ababhali nabasiki bengqephu. Kunamarekhodi wabaculi okuthiwa u-Edgar Degas noToulouse-Lautrec, okukholakala ukuthi babenezinkunzi zaseFrance emidwebo yabo.
Bona futhi: Izinto eziyi-13 odinga ukuzazi mayelana ne-Pitbull French Bulldog Mix
Kodwa-ke, awekho amarekhodi agcinwe ngokuziphendukela kohlobo njengoba iqhubeka isuka ezimpandeni zayo zokuqala ze-bulldog. Lapho ishintsha, i-terrier stock yayisethuliwe ukuthuthukisa izici ezifana nezindlebe ezinde eziqondile zohlobo.
Izinhlobo ezi-10 eziphezulu zeFulldog yaseFrance
1. Inja yaseFrench bulldog
I-fawn Frenchie ingenye yobuhle obulinganayo nobuhle. Umbala we-fawn wakudala uyahlukahluka kusuka kokhilimu kuye kucishe kube phuzi. Kwezinye izimo, kungahle kube khona ne-tinge ebomvu. Ngokuvamile, uFrenchie onsundu okhanyayo uhambisana nesifihla-buso esimnyama, kodwa hhayi njalo.
2. I-Brindle french bulldog
I-Brindle umbala wendabuko waseFrance. Iphethini iqukethe ijazi elimnyama elihlanganiswe nokukhanya okulula. Iphakathi kwemibala ethandwa kakhulu ye-bulldog yayo yonke. Izinhlobo eziningi zezinkunzi nama-mastiff zingakhombisa lejazi. Kubangelwa uhlobo lwe-agouti, olulawula ukusatshalaliswa kwezingulube ezimnyama.
3. I-Tiger brindle french bulldog
Lokhu kungukuhluka kwezimpawu zemvelo ze-brindle ozibona ku-Frenchies. Kodwa-ke, iphethini leTiger Brindle likhombisa imivimbo echazwe kakhulu. I-brindle ejwayelekile ingaphezulu kokuxubana.
4. I-White French Bulldog
Umbala omhlophe kuFrenchies uvela enhlanganisweni ethile yezakhi zofuzo. Zibhekwa njengokhilimu ngombala futhi zivame ukudideka ne-pinto. I-Frenchie emhlophe yangempela ine-pigment emnyama ezungeze izindebe, ikhala namehlo. Umbala omhlophe nawo ungaba umphumela we-albinism, kepha mancane kakhulu amathuba okuba lokho. Okumhlophe kungabuye kuhlotshaniswe nokungezwa, ikakhulukazi uma kubomvana kuzungeze izindebe, ikhala namehlo.
5. Kufakwe i-Bulldog yaseFrance
Iphethini le-pied kulapho inja iningi limhlophe kakhulu noma igobolondo leqanda, lihambisana namabala amnyama. Lezi zindawo zingenzeka kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba futhi ngokuvamile zinkulu. Leli phethini libala iziqinti eziseduze kwamehlo noma ezindlebeni, zibanikeze ukubukeka okuhlukile.
Ngenkathi i-AKC ibona ukwehluka kombala okuthile, lokhu akuvimbi abafuyi ekudlaleni ngamathuba. Kodwa-ke, ngemibala engajwayelekile iza nezinkinga zezempilo ezingabazekayo ezingathinta impilo ebuthakathaka yohlobo uqobo lwazo - zivame ukuthambekela ekungezwani komzimba nesikhumba, ukuzwela kokudla, kanye ne-brachycephaly syndrome.
AmaFrenchies anemibala engajwayelekile eza ngenani eliphezulu. Futhi bathambekele ekunciphiseni umbala i-alopecia nezikhathi zokuphila ezimfushane. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthenga kumfuyi onedumela onomlando oqinile kungasusa ezinye izinkathazo. Kodwa-ke, qaphela zonke izingozi lapho ucabanga ngombala ongajwayelekile.
6. ILilac French Bulldog
Buka lokhu okuthunyelwe ku-Instagram
Ngenxa yezidingo ezithile zofuzo, mancane kakhulu amaFulldogs aseFrance anombala we-lilac. Uma uyithola, kungenzeka ukuthi beze namanani entengo aphakeme kakhulu kune-Frenchie yakho ejwayelekile. Ukuthola ijazi elibubende, bobabili abazali baphatha izinhlobo eziningi eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noshokoledi, okuyimibala nayo engavamile.
7. I-Bulldog emnyama emsulwa yaseFrance
Buka lokhu okuthunyelwe ku-Instagram
Umnyama omsulwa usohlwini lwe-AKC lwemibala engafaneleki. Kodwa-ke, akukwenzi kube kuhle kangako ukubona leli jazi elimangalisa kuFrenchie. Umbala ubangelwa yisakhi esimnyama esimnyama. Ukubhekwa njengomnyama omsulwa, akukho mkhondo we-brindle ongatholakala engubeni. Zivame ukuba nesafire noma amehlo ansundu amnyama.
8. Cream French AmaBulldogs
Ijazi kakhilimu liyavela ngenxa yesakhi sofuzo sokuxuba ngokweqile kumbala we-fawn. Lapho kuzalwa ama-cream Frenchies, anokhilimu omsulwa emzimbeni wabo wonke. Kodwa-ke, njengoba zikhula, ziba nokufiphaza okumnyama okuzungeze amehlo, impumulo nomlomo.
9. I-Chocolate French Bulldog
Buka lokhu okuthunyelwe ku-Instagram
Lapho kutholakala umbala kashokoledi, bobabili abazali kufanele baphathe uhlobo olushisayo lukashokolethi. Uma une-chocolate eyi-Frenchie yangempela, amehlo akhe avame ukukhanya futhi ahlaba futhi eze ngemibala yegolide, eluhlaza noma ephuzi.
10. Inja ye-Sable French Bull
Buka lokhu okuthunyelwe ku-Instagram
USable umbala omuhle ocishe ufane nenyamazane, kodwa une-twist eyingqayizivele. Lezi zinja zinombala onsundu ngokukhanyayo kuya kuma-mahogany amnyama nezinwele ezimnyama ezithombeni ezinikeza umbala omnyama omuhle phezu kwejazi elikhanyayo. Amasabula amaningi anombala oqinile onamasiki amnyama noma amnyama.
Intengo ye-French Bulldog
Ngokwesilinganiso, ungalindela ukukhokha phakathi kuka- $ 1,500 no- $ 3,000. Ngokuya nge-NextDayPets, inani lentengo lama-bulldogs amaningi aseFrance athengisiwe ngama- $ 2,200. Intengo yama-bulldogs aseFrance inyuka ngisho nangokwengeziwe ngezinja ezinomlando wokuzalisa ohlukile. Amanani entengo esezingeni eliphakeme ama-bulldogs aseFrance anezintambo ezizalisayo angaba kusuka ku- $ 5,500 kuya ku- $ 10,000.
Ukudla nokudla okunomsoco
Ukudla kwenja esezingeni elifanele iminyaka yenja (umdlwane, umuntu omdala, noma ophakeme) iqukethe zonke izakhamzimba ezidingeka ngohlobo. Ama-frenchies athanda ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, okungalimaza ukwakheka komzimba futhi kubeke engcupheni enkulu yezinkinga ezithile zempilo yokuzala. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukubuka ukudla kwabo kwe-caloric nesisindo.
Bona futhi: Umxube omkhulu we-dane pitbull + Top 10 Great Dane Mixes izinja zezinja
Uma ukhetha ukunikeza ukuphatha inja yakho, kwenze ngokulinganisela. Nika izinsalela zamatafula kancane, uma kunjalo, ugweme amathambo aphekiwe nokudla okunamafutha amaningi. Funda ukuthi yikuphi ukudla komuntu okuphephile ezinjeni futhi okungaphephile. Buza udokotela wezilwane uma unezinkinga ngesisindo senja yakho noma ukudla.
Ukunakekelwa, umbala wejazi nokuzilungisa
Ijazi leFrance Bulldog lifushane, libushelelezi, licwebezela futhi lihle. Isikhumba sikhululekile futhi sishwabene, ikakhulukazi ekhanda nasemahlombe, futhi sinokuthamba okuthambile.
AmaFulldogs aseFrance anemibala ehlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi i-fawn, ukhilimu, ama-tiger shades ahlukahlukene - ijazi elinephethini elinamabala nemivimbo yokukhanya okukhanyayo nokumnyama - njenge-tiger emnyama ne-tiger eshaya, ne-tiger nomhlophe, eyaziwa njenge-pied tiger. AmaFulldogs aseFrance angaba yimuphi umbala ngaphandle komnyama oqinile, isibindi (umbala onsundu oqinile ngokubomvu onombala onsundu ezindebeni nasemakhaleni), igundane (elinsimbi elimpunga ngokukhanyayo) nelimnyama elinombala omhlophe noma onsundu.
Gijimela kunoma yimuphi umfuyi okutshela ukuthi umbala othile awuvamile ngakho-ke ubiza imali ethe xaxa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, khumbula ukuthi awukwazi nje uku-oda injana yombala othile nobulili obuthile. Ukubeka inhliziyo yakho kowesifazane o-tawny kuyindlela yokuphoxeka lapho udoti uqukethe kuphela ukhilimu nama-tiger wesilisa.
AmaFulldogs aseFrance kulula ukuwalungisa futhi adinga ukuxubha ngezikhathi ezithile ukugcina amajazi abo enempilo. Bangama-shedders ajwayelekile. Qala ukulolonga umFulentshi wakho esemncane futhi ufundise i-pup yakho ukuthi ime etafuleni noma phansi ukuze lolu phiko lube lula kini nobabili.
Uma ulungisa i-Frenchie yakho kunoma yisiphi isigaba sempilo, zinike isikhathi sokuhlola utwayi, izilonda zesikhumba, amabala angenalutho, isikhumba esibi, isikhumba noma izimpawu zokutheleleka. Kufanele futhi uhlole izindlebe, amehlo namazinyo ukuthi akukho yini ukuvuza noma iphunga elibi. Kokubili kuyizimpawu zokuthi uFrenchie wakho angadinga ukubona udokotela wezilwane.
Hlanza izindlebe njalo ngendwangu efudumele, emanzi bese ugijima ibhola likakotini onqenqemeni lomsele. Ungalokothi ufake i-swab yekotini emgodini wendlebe wangempela. Uma imiphetho yezindlebe zakho yomile, sebenzisa amaminerali noma uwoyela wengane kancane. Amafutha angasetshenziswa nasekhaleni elomile.
AmaFulldogs aseFrance awaqedi ngokwemvelo izinzipho zawo futhi azodinga ukuthi izinzipho zawo zigundiwe njalo. Lokhu kuvimbela ukwephuka nokudabuka, okungaba buhlungu enjeni.
Gcina imibimbi ebusweni ihlanzekile futhi yomile ukuvikela ukutheleleka ngamagciwane. Njalo lapho ugeza inja yakho, zinike isikhathi sokomisa ngokuphelele isikhumba phakathi kwamafolda. Geza iFulldog yakho yaseFrance nyangazonke noma njengoba kudingeka futhi usebenzise i-shampoo yenja esezingeni eliphakeme ukugcina uwoyela wemvelo esikhumbeni nasejazini lakhe.
AmaFulldogs aseFrance kufanele kube lula ukuwalungisa, futhi ngokuqeqeshwa okufanele kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho okuhle ngesikhathi sobuntwana, ukuzilungisa kungaba yisikhathi esihle sokubopha wena nomFulentshi wakho. Uma uzizwa ungakhululekile nganoma yisiphi isici sokuzilungisa, njengokunquma izinzipho, yisa inja yakho kumkhokheli oqeqeshiwe oqonda izidingo zeFrench Bulldogs.
Ijazi elifushane likaFrenchie likhipha kancane. Ukuxubha masonto onke ngebhulashi eliphakathi nendawo, igilavu yenjoloba noma ithuluzi, noma iglavu yenja kuzosiza ukususa izinwele zokuchitha futhi kumgcine ebukeka emuhle ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukuxubha kukhuthaza ukukhula kwezinwele okusha bese kusatshalaliswa owoyela besikhumba kuyo yonke ijazi ukuyigcina iphilile. Amafolda obuso bukaFrenchie kufanele agcinwe ehlanzekile futhi omile.
Izipikili zikaFrenchie kufanele zigawulwe njalo, njengoba izipikili ezinde kakhulu zingadala ubuhlungu.
Ukuzivocavoca
Ukuhamba okufishane noma iseshini yokudlala ngaphandle nsuku zonke nomnikazi wazo kufanele kuhlinzeke ngokuzivocavoca umzimba okwanele ukugcina iFrench Bulldog isesimweni. Ama-Frenchies ajabulela ukuhlanganyela emidlalweni yezinja njengokulalela, ubugagu kanye ne-rally. Kodwa-ke, njengohlobo olubheke phansi, bajwayele ukuba nezinkinga zokuphefumula futhi akufanele bavunyelwe ukuzikhandla esimweni sezulu esishisayo noma esiswakeme.
Ukuqeqeshwa kwe-French Bulldog
Kunconywa amakilasi okuqala okuhlangana nabantu kanye nokuqeqeshwa kwemidlwane. Ukuvezwa kubantu abahlukahlukene, izindawo nezimo kuzosiza umdlwane ukuba ukhule ube umuntu omdala olungiswe kahle. Amakilasi okuqeqesha ama-Bulldog Puppy aseFrance asebenza njengengxenye yenqubo yokuxhumana nabantu, ekhuthaza ukuziphatha okuhle nokusiza abanikazi ukuthi babone futhi balungise imikhuba emibi.
Ama-bulldogs aseFrance anobuntu obuhle futhi angadinga ukuqeqeshwa okufanele ukubenza babe ngabangane abaphucukile. Bangaba nenkani kakhulu, kepha enhliziyweni bangabathandi babantu ngakho-ke kulula ukubaqeqesha. Isisusa esifanele (njengokudla) nomdlalo wenqubo kuzoqinisekisa ukubambisana kwabo.
Izingane nezinye izilwane ezifuywayo
AmaFulldogs aseFrance ahlalisana kahle nezingane futhi awekho mancane kangangoba awakwazi ukuhlala ekhaya elinengane encane. Lokhu kushiwo, akukho nja okufanele ihlale yodwa nengane encane. Kungumqondo ovamile nje ukuphatha nokuqinisekisa ukuthi akekho oshayayo noma ohlukumeza omunye.
Lapho bezihlanganisa nabo ngesikhathi sobuntwana, amaFrenchies angahlalisana kahle nezinye izinja namakati. AmaFrenches awonakele ngokweqile, noma kunjalo, angaba nomona ngezinye izinja, ikakhulukazi uma lezo ezinye izinja zidonsela ukunaka kumuntu kaFrenchie uqobo.
Impilo
Ngenxa yesakhiwo sabo esinzima ngaphambili, amaFrenchies awakwazi ukubhukuda futhi akufanele ashiywe enganakiwe eduze kwebhavu, ichibi noma amanzi amaningi. Njengazo zonke izinhlobo ezinobuso obusicaba, amaFrenchies ajwayele ukuba nezinkinga zokuphefumula futhi enza kabi uma kushisa noma kunomswakama. Izinhlobo ezinobuso obuphansi ziyazwela kakhulu ku-anesthesia. Ama-Frenchies kwesinye isikhathi anezifo zamehlo ezifana ne-cherry eye, i-young cataract, noma i-entropion, futhi futhi kwaziwa ukuthi anezifo zesikhumba kanye nezifo zesikhumba ezizimele.
Umfuyi ophethe kahle uzosebenzisa izivivinyo ezitholakalayo ukuze ahlole imfuyo ezalisayo ngezimo ezingathinta ukuzalanisa.
Amehlo
AmaFulldogs aseFrance athanda ukuba nezinkinga zamehlo. Iso le-Cherry noma ijwabu leso lesithathu eliguquliwe laziwa ukuthi liyenzeka, yize livame kakhulu kuma-bulldogs. I-Glaucoma, i-retinal fold dysplasia, izilonda ze-corneal, kanye ne-cataract yezingane nazo ziyizimo ezaziwa ukuthi zithinta ama-bulldogs aseFrance. Ukuhlola abazovotela ukuzalanisa ngeCanine Eye Registration Foundation (CERF) kungasiza ekuqedeni amacala alezi zifo enzalweni.
Izindwangu zesikhumba ngaphansi kwamehlo e-bulldog yaseFrance kufanele zihlanzwe njalo futhi zigcinwe zomile. Amabala ezinyembezi ajwayelekile ezinjeni ezinombala okhanyayo.
Izivivinyo zezempilo ze-National Breed Club ezinconyiwe:
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-Hip
- Ukuhlolwa kwePatella
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-ophthalmologist
- Ukuhlolwa kwenhliziyo
Isimo seFrance Bulldog
IBulldog yaseFrance, njengezinye izinhlobo eziningi zezinja, idinga ukuxhumana okusondele nabantu. Uma kushiywe bodwa isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora ambalwa, ukukhathazeka ngokwehlukana kungenzeka. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi esemncane, kepha kuyaqhubeka nokuba mdala. IFulldog yaseFrance kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi "yiinja yeselesele"Noma"inja ehlekisayo. "
- Inja yexoxo”Kusho ubuso babo obuyindilinga obubanzi nendlela abahlala ngayo nemilenze yabo yangemuva isakazekile.
- Inja yamahlaya”Kungenxa yokuthi zibhekwa njengabantu abathanda ubumnandi futhi empeleni bachazwe ngokuthi“ bangamancoko ezweni lezinja. ”
AmaFulldogs aseFrance yizinja eziqondiswe kubantu ngoba kulula ukuziqeqesha ngenxa yalokho, yize zivame ukuba nenkani kwesinye isikhathi. Kunconywa ukuthi ukuhlangana kwemidlwane, kufaka phakathi amaFulldogs aseFrance, kungaba nomthelela omuhle ekuqeqeshweni komdlwane futhi lokhu kuyalulekwa.
Amaqembu okusindisa
AmaFulldogs aseFrance avame ukutholwa ngaphandle kokuqonda okucacile kokuthi kusho ukuthini ukuba neyakho, futhi lezi zinja zivame ukugcina zinakekelwa amaqembu ezokutakula, zidinga ukwamukelwa noma ukukhuliswa. Uma unentshisekelo yokwamukela isiFulentshi, iqembu lokutakula liyindawo enhle yokuqala.
Ukuxhumeka Kwe-French Bulldog Rescue
Inethiwekhi Yokuhlenga yaseFrance Bulldog
Abathandi beFrance Bulldog baseCanada
Izinhlangano Zokuzala
Ngezansi kunamaqembu amakilabhu, izinhlangano nezinhlangano lapho ungathola khona imininingwane eminingi ngeFulldog yaseFrance.
Iqembu laseFrance iBulldog laseMelika
Bona futhi: Ukuhlukaniswa nobhubhane - Izinja zenza impilo ibe lula kubahlali basemakhaya asebekhulile
Ukuhlola kweqiniso
Silwela ukuhlinzeka ngolwazi lwakamuva oluyigugu kubathandi bezilwane ngokunemba nangokungakhethi. Uma ungathanda ukungeza kulokhu okuthunyelwe noma ukukhangisa nathi, unganqikazi sifinyelele. Uma ubona okuthile okungabonakali kahle, Xhumana nathi!
Izikhombo: I-Doggiedesigner.com futhi Wikipedia,
