Kugcine ukubuyekezwa ngoMashi 8, 2025 ngu Izinja Vets
Cabanga ngezwe lapho ikhala lenja yakho ne-smartphone zingahlangana ukuze kutholwe umdlavuza ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu. Kuzwakala njengenganekwane yesayensi, akunjalo? Hhayi-ke, akunjalo. Eqinisweni, kuyenzeka njengamanje, futhi kuguqula indlela esibhekana ngayo nesinye sezifo ezibulala kakhulu emhlabeni. Izinja, ezinomuzwa wazo wokuhogela omangalisayo, sekuyiminyaka zihogela umdlavuza. Kodwa uma ubhanqa lelo thalente lemvelo namandla okuhlaziya we i-artificial intelligence (AI), uthola okuthile okudabukisayo ngempela-i-duo engasindisa izimpilo ezingenakubalwa ngokubamba umdlavuza ezigabeni zayo zokuqala.
Kulesi sihloko, sizongena ekutheni izinja ne-AI zisebenzisana kanjani ukuthola umdlavuza njengebele, wamaphaphu, i-colorectal, nomdlavuza wendlala yesinye. Sizohlola isayensi engemuva kwakho, imiphumela yomhlaba wangempela, nokuthi lokhu kusho ukuthini ngekusasa lokuhlolwa komdlavuza. Futhi, sizophendula imibuzo evuthayo ongase ube nayo ngale ndlela ephambili. Ngakho-ke, ake siqale—ngoba uma kuziwa ekulweni nomdlavuza, umzuzwana ngamunye ubalulekile.
Amandla Ekhala Lenja: Umtshina Womdlavuza Wemvelo
Izinja kudala zaziwa njengabangane abakhulu bomuntu, kodwa futhi sezivela njengabangane bethu abakhulu ekulweni nomdlavuza. Kanjani? Konke kwehlela emakhaleni abo. Inzwa yenja yokuhogela ayiyona into emfushane ngokungavamile—izwela izikhathi ezingaba ngu-100,000 XNUMX kuneyethu. Bangakwazi ukuzwa iphunga ngokugxila eliphansi njengezingxenye kuthriliyoni ngayinye, okufana nokuhogela iconsi elilodwa legazi echibini lokubhukuda elilingana ne-Olympic.
La mandla amakhulu awakona nje ukuthola izibiliboco noma ukulandelela iphunga elimnandi. Izinja ziyakwazi ukuhogela izinguquko ezicashile emzimbeni womuntu lapho umdlavuza ukhona. Amangqamuzana omdlavuza akhiqiza izinhlanganisela eziphilayo ezishintshashintshayo eziyingqayizivele (VOCs) ezikhishelwa egazini futhi, ekugcineni, zibe umoya, umchamo, ngisho nomjuluko. Lawa ma-VOC adala lokho okwaziwa “njengesiginesha yephunga lomdlavuza,” futhi izinja zingakwazi ukulibamba isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwendabuko.
Ngokwesibonelo, cabanga ngendaba yowesifazane inja yakhe yayilokhu ihogela futhi igudla imvukuzane emlenzeni wakhe. Ekhathazekile, waya kudokotela wathola ukuthi i-melanoma—umdlavuza wesikhumba owawungase ubulale. Inja yayisheshe yayibona, mhlawumbe yasindisa ukuphila kwayo. Izindaba ezinjengalezi azihlukanisiwe; bayingxenye yendikimba ekhulayo yobufakazi bokuthi izinja zingaqeqeshelwa ukubona imidlavuza ehlukahlukene ngokunemba okumangalisayo.
Ukuqeqesha Izinja Ukuhogela Umdlavuza: Inqubo
Ngakho-ke, ufundisa kanjani inja ukuthola umdlavuza? Akulula njengokukhomba isimila bese uthi, “Thola lokhu.” Ukuqeqeshwa kuhilela inqubo eqinile lapho izinja zichayeka khona kumasampula—njengokuphefumula, umchamo, noma izicubu—kusuka kubantu abanempilo kanye neziguli ezinomdlavuza. Ngokusebenzisa ukuqinisa okuhle, izinja zifunda ukuhlonza iphunga elithile elihlobene nomdlavuza.
Ngokwesibonelo, ocwaningweni olushicilelwe ngo Imibiko yeSayensi, abacwaningi baqeqeshe ama-Labrador retrievers ukuze athole umdlavuza webele, wamaphaphu, we-colorectal, nowe-prostate ngokuhogela amasampula okuphefumula. Izinja zikwazile ukubona umdlavuza ngokunemba okungu-94%—okuhlaba umxhwele, akunjalo? Kodwa nakhu okubambekayo: kuyilapho izinja zinekhono elimangalisayo, aziphelele. Ukutolika izimpawu zabo kungase kube ubuqili, futhi ukuziqeqesha kudla isikhathi futhi kuyabiza. Yilapho i-AI ingena khona ukuze ibeke izinto ezingeni elilandelayo.
Faka i-AI: Ingqondo Ehlaziyayo Ngemuva Kokusebenza
Ubuhlakani bokwenziwa bufana nomqaphi wokugcina kuleli qembu elihlonza umdlavuza. Nakuba izinja zinikeza amandla aluhlaza okuhogela, i-AI iletha ubuchopho—ihlaziya idatha, amaphethini okubona, nokwenza umqondo wolwazi oluyinkimbinkimbi ngesivinini sombani. Esimeni sokutholwa komdlavuza, i-AI iqeqeshelwe ukubona amasiginesha ephunga lomdlavuza afanayo atholwa yizinja, kodwa inekhono lokucubungula izinkulungwane zamasampuli engxenyeni yesikhathi.
Nakhu ukuthi kusebenza kanjani: abacwaningi baqoqa amasampula okuphefumula ezigulini, ezinempilo kanye nalabo abanomdlavuza. Izinja zibe sezisetshenziswa ukukhomba ukuthi yimaphi amasampula anomdlavuza. Ngaleso sikhathi, amamodeli e-AI afunzwa idatha evela kulawa masampula, afunda ukuhlobanisa amaphethini athile e-VOC nokuba khona komdlavuza. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-AI iba nekhono lokuqaphela lawa maphethini ngokuzimela, ilingise ngempumelelo ikhala lenja kodwa ngezinzuzo ezengeziwe zokuqina nokungaguquguquki.
Ocwaningweni olulodwa olwethusayo, ithimba elivela kwaSpotitEarly labhanqa iLabrador retrievers enemodeli ye-AI ukuze lihlole izinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza. Imiphumela? Ithimba le-canine-AI lithole umdlavuza ngokunemba okungu-94%, ngisho nasezinyathelweni zakuqala lapho izindlela zendabuko zivame ukungaphumeleli. Lokhu kushintsha igeyimu ngoba ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kungathuthukisa amazinga okusinda ngokumangazayo.
Kungani Ukutholwa Kusenesikhathi Kubalulekile: Umdlalo Wokusinda Komdlavuza
Ake sixoxe ngezinombolo umzuzwana. Ngokusho kwe-American Cancer Society, izinga leminyaka emihlanu lokusinda komdlavuza webele lingama-99% uma ubanjwa kusenesikhathi. Kodwa uma itholwa ngezigaba zakamuva, lelo nani lehla laya ku-27%. Ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu, kuyingozi nakakhulu: ukusinda okungama-60% uma kutholakala kusenesikhathi, kodwa u-6% kuphela uma usuthuthukile. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi akubalulekile nje kuphela—kusindisa impilo.
Izindlela zokuhlola zendabuko ezifana ne-mammograms, colonoscopies, ne-CT scans ziyasebenza kodwa ziza nezithiyo. Zingahlasela, zibize, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ziphuthelwe umdlavuza wesigaba sokuqala. Futhi, akuwona wonke umuntu okwazi ukufinyelela lezi zivivinyo, ikakhulukazi emiphakathini enganakiwe. Yingakho indlela ye-dog-AI ithembisa kakhulu: ayihlaseli, inezindleko eziphansi, futhi inamandla okufinyeleleka kuyo yonke indawo.
Cabanga ngekusasa lapho ungase uvuthuzele edivayisini exhunywe ku-smartphone yakho, futhi emizuzwini embalwa, wazi uma udinga ukubonana nodokotela ukuze uhlolwe okwengeziwe. Yilowo umbono abacwaningi abasebenzela kuwo, futhi kuseduze kunalokho ongase ukucabange.
Izicelo Zomhlaba Wangempela: Ukusuka Kumalebhu Kuya Ezimpilweni
Lokhu akuwona nje umbono—inqubekelaphambili yangempela iyenziwa. Kwa-Israel, i-SpotitEarly yenze ucwaningo olukhulu olucishe lube yi-1,400 ababambiqhaza. Besebenzisa uhlelo lwabo lwe-canine-AI, bahlaziye amasampula okuphefumula futhi bathola ngempumelelo umdlavuza kuma-94% wamacala, ngemininingwane engama-94.3%. Lokho kusho ukuthi abavamile ukuhlaba umkhosi abantu abanempilo njengabanomdlavuza, okubalulekile ukugwema ingcindezi engadingekile kanye nezinqubo zezokwelapha.
Okujabulisa kakhulu ukuthi lolu hlelo lusebenze kahle kumdlavuza wesigaba sokuqala njengoba lwenzile ezigabeni zakamuva. Lokhu kuyinkinga enkulu ngoba izindlela eziningi zokuhlola zamanje zinenkinga yokutholwa kusenesikhathi. Umholi walolu cwaningo, u-Assaf Rabinowicz, ugcizelele ukuthi ukutholwa kusenesikhathi “kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekwandeni kwamazinga okusinda komdlavuza.”
Futhi akwenzeki nje kwa-Israyeli. Abacwaningi baseVirginia Tech basebenza ngamathuluzi e-AI ukuthola i-lymphoma ezinjeni, ngezinhlelo zokunwebeka kwamanye ama-cancer. Khonamanjalo, iNyuvesi yaseCalifornia iqeqesha izinja ukuze zithole umdlavuza kumasampula amathe, umoya, nomchamo, ngenhloso yokwakha ithuluzi lokuhlola elitholakala kabanzi.
Izinzuzo ze-Dog-AI Duo
Ngakho-ke, kungani le nhlanganisela yezinja ne-AI inamandla kangaka? Masiyihlukanise:
- Ukunemba: Izinja zinekhono lemvelo lokuthola umdlavuza ngokunemba okuphezulu, futhi i-AI ingathuthukisa lokho kunemba ngokuhlaziya amanani amaningi edatha.
- Okungavamile: Azikho izinaliti, azikho imisebe—isampula nje sokuphefumula noma umchamo.
- Kuqiza kahle: Uma i-AI isiqeqeshiwe, izindleko ze-marginal ngokuhlolwa ngakunye ziphansi, okwenza ifinyeleleke kubantu abaningi.
- Ukungafinyeleli: Ngokungafani nezinja, ezidinga ukuqeqeshwa nokunakekelwa komuntu ngamunye, i-AI ingasatshalaliswa emhlabeni jikelele ngezindleko ezingeziwe ezincane.
- Ukutholwa Kwangaphambi kwesikhathi: Ikhono lokubamba umdlavuza ezigabeni zawo zokuqala lingase liguqule imiphumela yokwelashwa.
Kodwa akugcini nje ngobuchwepheshe—kumayelana nezimpilo engazisindisa. Minyaka yonke, izigidi zabantu kutholakala ukuthi zinomdlavuza, futhi eziningi zalezo zifo zifika sekwephuze kakhulu. Ngokuthola lesi sifo kusenesikhathi, singanikeza iziguli ithuba lokulwa.
Izinselelo Nokucatshangelwa
Yiqiniso, abukho ubuchwepheshe obungenazo izithiyo zabo. Kokunye, ukuqeqesha izinja ukuthola umdlavuza kuyinqubo ecophelelayo edinga isikhathi, ubuchwepheshe, kanye nezinsiza. Akuzona zonke izinja ezikhethelwe umsebenzi, futhi ngisho nezinja eziqeqeshwe kakhulu zingaba nezinsuku zokuphumula.
Ohlangothini lwe-AI, ukuthuthukisa amamodeli angahumusha ngokunembile idatha eyinkimbinkimbi evela kumasampula okuphefumula akuyona into encane. Idinga amasethi edatha amakhulu, ama-algorithms ayinkimbinkimbi, nokucwengwa okuqhubekayo. Kuphinde kube nenselelo yokuqinisekisa ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bufinyeleleka futhi bufinyeleleka kuwo wonke umuntu, hhayi labo abasezizweni ezicebile kuphela.
Ukwengeza, ngenkathi indlela yenja-AI ibonisa isithembiso, akuyona indawo yezindlela zokuxilonga zendabuko—okungenani okwamanje. Kusetshenziswa kangcono njengethuluzi lokuhlola ukukhomba ukuthi ubani odinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe, kunokuxilongwa okuqinisekile.
Ikusasa: Yini Okulandelayo Ngezinja, i-AI, kanye Nokutholwa Komdlavuza?
Amathuba lapha makhulu kakhulu. Abacwaningi sebevele bahlola izindlela zokwandisa lobu buchwepheshe ukuze bathole ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza, njengomdlavuza we-pancreatic noma we-ovarian, okudume kanzima ukusheshe bawubambe. Kuphinde kukhulunywe ngokulungisa ubuchwepheshe kwezinye izifo, njengesifo sikashukela noma i-COVID-19.
Esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, singase sibone amadivayisi asebenzisa amandla e-AI emitholampilo noma ngisho nasemakhaya, okuvumela abantu ukuthi bazihlole njalo. Izinkampani ezifana ne-SpotitEarly zihlela izivivinyo ezinkulu zemitholampilo e-US, ngemiphumela yangaphambi kwesikhathi elindeleke ngo-2026. Uma kuphumelele, lokhu kungavula indlela yokutholwa okusabalele.
Kodwa mhlawumbe ithemba elijabulisa kakhulu wuhlelo lwentando yeningi lokuhlolelwa umdlavuza. Cabanga ngezwe lapho noma ubani, noma yikuphi, angathola ukuhlolwa okusheshayo, okungahlaseli okungase kumqaphelise ngomdlavuza ngaphambi kokuba kuphuze kakhulu. Leso isithembiso sezinja ne-AI esebenza ndawonye.
Isiphetho: Inkathi Entsha Ekutholeni Umdlavuza
Simi onqenqemeni lwenkathi entsha yokutholwa komdlavuza, lapho imvelo nobuchwepheshe kubambisana khona ukuze kusindiswe izimpilo. Izinja, ngomqondo wazo wokuhogela ongenakuqhathaniswa, kanye ne-AI, enamandla ayo okuhlaziya angenakuqhathaniswa, zibonakalisa njengeqembu elingenakuvinjelwa. Yize kusenomsebenzi okufanele wenziwe, imiphumela kuze kube manje ayimihle kakhulu.
Njengoba ucwaningo luqhubeka nobuchwepheshe buthuthuka, singabheka phambili ekusaseni lapho umdlavuza ubanjwa kusenesikhathi, welashwe ngempumelelo, futhi mhlawumbe uze uvinjelwe ngokuphelele. Futhi konke kuqala ngokuhogela kanye ne-algorithm ehlakaniphile.
Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa (FAQs)
1. Izinja ziwubona kanjani umdlavuza?
Izinja zithola umdlavuza ngokuhogela inhlanganisela eyingqayizivele ye-volatile organic (VOCs) ekhishwa amaseli omdlavuza. Lawa ma-VOC akhona ekuphefumuleni, emchameni, nasemjulukweni, futhi izinja zingaqeqeshelwa ukubona “isiginesha yephunga lomdlavuza” ethile.
2. Inembile kangakanani indlela yokuthola umdlavuza wenja-AI?
Ocwaningweni lwakamuva, inhlanganisela yenja-AI ibonise ukunemba kwamazinga afika ku-94% ekutholeni imidlavuza ehlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa webele, wamaphaphu, i-colorectal, nomdlavuza wendlala yesinye. Isebenza kahle kakhulu ekuhlonzeni umdlavuza wesigaba sokuqala.
3. Ingabe lobu buchwepheshe buyatholakala emphakathini okwamanje?
Hhayi impela. Nakuba ucwaningo luthembisa, ubuchwepheshe busesigabeni sokuhlolwa. Izinkampani ezifana ne-SpotitEarly zisebenza ezivivinyweni ezinkulu zemitholampilo, ngethemba lokuthi zizokwenza kutholakale kabanzi eminyakeni ezayo.
4. Yiziphi izinhlobo zomdlavuza ezingatholwa yile ndlela?
Njengamanje, kugxilwe kumdlavuza webele, wamaphaphu, we-colorectal, nowe-prostate. Kodwa-ke, abacwaningi bahlola amandla ayo eminye imidlavuza, njengomdlavuza we-pancreatic nowe-ovary.
5. Kungani ukutholakala komdlavuza kusenesikhathi kubaluleke kangaka?
Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kuthuthukisa kakhulu amazinga okusinda. Emidlavuza eminingi, ukubamba lesi sifo ezigabeni zaso zokuqala kungasho umehluko phakathi kwezinga lokusinda elingamaphesenti angama-90 nangaphansi kuka-10%. Indlela yenja-AI ihlose ukwenza ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kufinyeleleke futhi kunembile.
Okubhekwayo
- Rabinowicz, A., et al. (2024). Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza omningi okungahlaseli kusetshenziswa izinja eziqeqeshiwe kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa: ucwaningo oluzobonakala lungaboni kabili.. Imibiko yeSayensi.
- Lichtenfeld, L. (2024). Isifundo se-Rainbow: Ukutholwa Komdlavuza Kwasekuqaleni Ngokusebenzisa i-AI kanye ne-Canine Olfaction. SpotitEarly.
- Pacholec, C., et al. (2024). I-AI-Driven Cytological Analysis for Lymphoma Detection in Dogs. IVirginia Tech News.
