Kungani Izinja Zidla Utshani? Udokotela Wezilwane Uchaza Isayensi

Kugcine ukubuyekezwa ngoMashi 6, 2025 ngu Izinja Vets

Ujabulela ukusa okunokuthula egcekeni elingemuva lapho inja yakho iqala ukudla utshani sengathi isaladi elimnandi. Uma uke wazibuza, “Kungani emhlabeni inja yami idla utshani?” awuwedwa. Lokhu kuziphatha okungavamile kudida abazali abaningi bezilwane ezifuywayo futhi kubangele ukukhathazeka ngokuthi kubonisa inkinga yezempilo noma ukuntula ukudla okunomsoco.

Njengodokotela wezilwane oneminyaka engaphezu kwe-15 yokuhlangenwe nakho kwezokwelapha zezilwane, ngingakuqinisekisa ukuthi ukudla utshani kungenye yezindlela zokuziphatha ezivamile ze-canine engixoxa ngazo nabanikazi bezilwane ezifuywayo abakhathazekile. Izindaba ezinhle? Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu kuziphatha kujwayelekile ngokuphelele. Kodwa ukuqonda isayensi yokuthi kungani izinja zidla utshani kungakusiza ukuthi unqume lapho kungenangozi nalapho kungase kugunyaze ukubukisisa.

I-Evolutionary Origins of Grass-Eating

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi kungani umngane wakho wasekhaya ehlafuna utshani bakho, sidinga ukubheka emuva kumadlozi abo asendle. Izinja zavela ezimpisini, okuyizilwane ezidla inyama kodwa kwesinye isikhathi zidla isitshalo. Ucwaningo lwe-wolf scat luye lwembula ukuthi ama-canid asendle adla uhlaza, kuhlanganise notshani, ngamanani amancane.

Lo mlando wokuziphendukela kwemvelo ushiye izinja zasekhaya nokuziphatha okuthile okungokwemvelo. Nakuba i-pooch yakho etotosiwe ingase ingadingi ukuzingela isidlo sakusihlwa, ukuziphatha okuningi kwakudala kuhlala kuqinile ku-DNA yabo - futhi ukudla utshani kubonakala kungenye yakho.

Izizathu Ezivamile Izinja Zidla Utshani

Ucwaningo lwesayensi yezilwane luhlonze izincazelo ezimbalwa ezingaba khona zokuziphatha kokudla utshani. Nayi imibono esekelwa kakhulu:

1. Ukuziphatha Kwemvelo Kokulahla

Izinja ziyizilwane ezidla inyama, okusho ukuthi ngokuyinhloko zidla inyama kodwa zingaphila ngezitshalo uma kunesidingo. Ngokungafani nezilwane ezifuywayo ezibophezelayo (njengamakati), izinja ziguqule ikhono elithile lokugaya nokukhipha imisoco ezintweni zezitshalo.

UDkt. Benjamin Hart, uprofesa ovelele e-UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, wenza olunye lwezifundo ezibanzi mayelana nokudla utshani ezinjeni. Ucwaningo lwakhe luphakamisa ukuthi lokhu kuziphatha kuwumkhuba ovamile wokukhukhumeza ozuzwe okhokho basendle ababedla zonke izilwane ezizingelayo - okuphakathi kwesisu nakho konke - okwakuvame ukuba nezinto zezitshalo.

2. I-Dietary Fiber Supplementation

Ithiyori eyodwa evamile ukuthi izinja zidla utshani ukuze zandise i-fiber ekudleni kwazo. Izinto zezitshalo zihlinzeka ngefayibha engasiza ekulawuleni ukugayeka kokudla, futhi abanye ochwepheshe bokudla okunempilo kwezilwane bakholelwa ukuthi izinja zingase zifune utshani ngokomzwelo lapho zidinga i-roughage eyengeziwe.

I-fiber isiza ekusebenzeni kahle kwamathumbu ngokulandelayo:

• Ukukhuthaza ukunyakaza kwamathumbu okuvamile
• Ukusekela amagciwane amathumbu anenzuzo
• Ukusiza ukulawula ukungaguquguquki kwendle
• Ukusiza ngokuzwa ukugcwala

Uma inja yakho ibonakala izimisele kakhulu ukudla utshani ngemva kokushintsha ukudla noma lapho inenkinga yokugaya ukudla, ingase ifune i-fiber eyengeziwe ukuze isize isimiso sayo sisebenze kahle.

3. Ukuphalaza Okuzibangelayo

Mhlawumbe ithiyori okuxoxwa ngayo kabanzi - futhi osekuthole ukwesekwa okubalulekile kwesayensi - ukuthi izinja ngezinye izikhathi zidla utshani ukuze zenze ukuba ziphalaze lapho zizwa isicanucanu noma zingakhululeki esiswini.

Ocwaningweni lukaDkt. Hart, cishe u-25% wezinja ezihlanza njalo ngemva kokudla utshani, okuphakamisa ukuthi lesi akusona isisusa esiyinhloko kuzo zonke izinja ezidla utshani. Kodwa-ke, kwamanye ama-canine, ikakhulukazi lawo adla utshani obuningi ngokushesha ngaphandle kokubuhlafuna kakhulu, kubonakala sengathi usebenza njenge-emetic yemvelo (inducer yokuhlanza).

Izindwani ezinde, ezingacutshungulwayo zingakitaza umphimbo nolwelwesi lwesisu, okubangela ukusabela kokuhlanza. Abanye ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kumelela uhlobo lokuzilapha - lapho izinja zingazizwa kahle, zingase zidle utshani ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuze zikhiphe noma yini ebangela ukungakhululeki kwazo.

4. Izici Zengqondo

Kwezinye izinja, ukudla utshani kungase kube nezakhi ezingokwengqondo:

Ukukhululeka kwesithukuthezi: Izinja ezingashukunyiswa ngokwanele ngokwengqondo nangokomzimba zingadla utshani njengokuthile okufanele kwenziwe. Lokhu kuziphatha kuvame kakhulu ezinjeni ezisencane kanye nezinhlobo ezinamandla kakhulu ezidinga ukuvivinya umzimba njalo nokunothisa.

Ukunaka: Ezinye izinja ezihlakaniphile zifunda ukuthi ukudla utshani kuthola ukusabela kubanikazi bazo. Uma uphuthuma futhi uhlanganyele nenja yakho noma nini lapho iqala ukudla utshani, ingase iphinde le mikhuba ukuze ikunake.

Ukukhathazeka noma ukucindezeleka: Njengoba nje abantu bengase balume izinzipho lapho bekhathazekile, ezinye izinja zihlanganyela ekuziphatheni okuphindaphindayo njengokudla utshani lapho zizizwa zicindezelekile noma zikhathazekile. Kulezi zimo, ukuziphatha kungase kuphoqeleke.

5. Ukuhlola Ukudla Okunempilo

Imidlwane nezinja ezincane zivame ukuhlola indawo yazo ngemilomo yazo. Ukudla utshani kungase kuqale njengelukuluku elilula mayelana nokunambitha okusha noma ukuthungwa futhi kuthuthuke kube umkhuba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izinja ezisencane zijwayele ukuhlola lokho ezikufaka emilonyeni yazo.

Isayensi Yokunambitha: Kungani Izinja Zikhetha Utshani

Ngokuthakazelisayo, izinja zibonakala zikhetha ngandlela-thile utshani ezibudlayo. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi bangakhetha amahlumela amancane, amathenda amaningi aqukethe umswakama ophezulu kanye nemisoco engase igayeke.

Izinja zinama-receptors okunambitha ambalwa kunabantu - cishe angu-1,700 uma kuqhathaniswa nezingu-9,000 zethu - kodwa zisengakwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokunambitheka okuhlukile. I-taste buds yabo ihambisana ikakhulukazi ukuze ibone:

• Ubumnandi (obungachaza ukukhetha utshani obuthile)
• Ubumuncu
• Umunyu
• Usawoti
• Umami (savory flavour)

Ukunambitheka okumnandi kancane kotshani obusha basentwasahlobo kungase kukhange ikakhulukazi ezinjeni, okuchaza ukuthi kungani abanikazi bezilwane ezifuywayo abaningi beqaphela ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kotshani entwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kwehlobo lapho ukukhula okusha kuningi.

Lapho Ukudla Utshani Kungase Kubonise Izinkinga Zezempilo

Nakuba ukudla utshani ngokuvamile kuwukuziphatha okuvamile, amaphethini athile angase asikisele inkinga eyisisekelo:

Ukwenyuka Okungazelelwe Kokusetshenziswa Kotshani

Uma inja yakho eyayingenasithakazelo ngokuzumayo ikhathazeka ngokudla utshani, lolu shintsho lungase lubonise ukungaphatheki kahle kokugaya ukudla noma enye inkinga yezempilo. Izimo ezingabangela ukwanda kokudla utshani zihlanganisa:

• Ukuvuvukala kwesisu noma ukucasuka
• Isifo sofuba esiswini
• I-reflux ye-Gastroesophageal
• Izimuncagazi emathunjini
• Pancreatitis

Ukudla Utshani Ngokweqile Kuhlanganiswe Nezinye Izimpawu

Naka kakhulu uma ukudla utshani kuhambisana nalokhu:

• Ukunciphisa ukudla
• Ukwehla kwesisindo
• ukucobeka
• Uhudo
• Ukoma okwandayo noma ukuchama
• Indle enegazi
• Ukuhlanza okungapheli (ngaphandle kweziqephu zangemva kotshani)

Lezi zinhlanganisela zezimpawu zidinga ukunakwa udokotela wezilwane, njengoba zingase zibonise ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kokugaya ukudla noma ezinye izinkinga zempilo.

Ukudla Utshani Okuphoqelekile

Lapho ukudla utshani kuba ukuziphatha okucindezelayo inja yakho engenakuphazanyiswa kalula kukho, kungase kubonise ukukhathazeka okuyisisekelo noma ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Ezinye izinja ezinezinkinga ezingokwengqondo zithuthukisa ukulungiswa kokudla okungekona ukudla (isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-pica), futhi utshani bungaphenduka impoqo yalokhu kuziphatha okuphoqelekile.

Ingabe Ukudla Utshani Kuyingozi Ezinjeni?

Ezinjeni eziningi, ukusetshenziswa kotshani ngezikhathi ezithile kubangela izingozi zempilo ezincane. Nokho, kunezinto ezimbalwa ezibalulekile zokucatshangelwa kokuphepha:

Amakhemikhali Anobuthi Nezibulala-zinambuzane

Ingozi enkulu kakhulu ayiveli etshanini ngokwabo kodwa ivela kumakhemikhali okungenzeka afakwe kubo. Ukwelashwa kotshani kungabandakanya:

• Ama-herbicides
• izibulala-zinambuzane
• Umanyolo
• Ama-fungicides

Eziningi zalezi zinto zinobuthi ezinjeni, ikakhulukazi uma zisanda kufakwa. Njalo gcina izinja kude notshani obusanda kwelashwa futhi qaphela ngokuvumela inja yakho ukuthi idle utshani emapaki omphakathi noma ezindaweni ongazazi lapho ungawazi khona umlando wokwelapha.

Izitshalo ezinobuthi

Izinja azihlukanisi ngaso sonke isikhathi phakathi kotshani obuphephile kanye nezitshalo zokuhlobisa ezingaba yingozi. Ezinye izitshalo zasengadini ezivamile ezinobuthi ezinjeni zihlanganisa:

• Iminduze
• I-Azaleas
• Ama-Daffodils
• Ama-tulips
• I-Foxglove
• Izintende zeSago

Uma inja yakho ingumuntu owaziwayo odla utshani, qiniseka ukuthi ingadi yakho ayinazo izitshalo ezinobuthi ezingase zizidle eduze notshani.

Izimuncagazi Zamathumbu

Izindawo ezingaphandle ezingcolile zingase zibe nama-parasites emhlabathini notshani, okuhlanganisa:

• Izikelemu eziyindilinga
• Ama-Hookworms
• Izikelemu
• IGiardia

Ukuvimbela ama-parasite okuvamile kubalulekile ezinjeni ezivame ukudla utshani noma ukuchitha isikhathi ngaphandle.

Indlela Odokotela Bezilwane Abahlola Ngayo Ukuziphatha Kokudla Utshani

Lapho abanikazi bezilwane ezifuywayo abathintekayo beveza ukudla utshani ngesikhathi sokuvakasha kwezilwane, sihlola izici eziningana:

1. Imvamisa nokuqina: I-nibbling ngezikhathi ezithile ihlukile ekusebenziseni ngokweqile
2. Umongo wokuziphatha: Ingabe ukuziphatha kubangelwa izimo ezithile?
3. Ukuhlolwa komzimba: Ukuhlola izimpawu zezinkinga zokugaya ukudla
4. Umlando wezokwelapha: Izinkinga ze-GI zangaphambilini noma izinguquko zokudla
5. Ukuhlola ukudla: Ingabe ukudla kwamanje kuyahlangabezana nezidingo zomsoco?

Ngokusekelwe kulokhu kuhlola, udokotela wezilwane angase ancome:

• Ukulungiswa kokudla (okungase kube nokudla okuphezulu kwe-fiber)
• Ukuguqulwa kokuziphatha
• Ukunothisa imvelo
• Kwezinye izimo, ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga ukukhipha izimbangela zezokwelapha

Amasu Okuphatha Okusebenzayo Ezinja Ezidla Utshani

Uma inja yakho idla utshani ikukhathaza, nawa amasu anconyiwe ngudokotela wezilwane:

Izindlela Ezihlukile Zotshani Eziphephile

Nikeza izitshalo ezivikeleke ezinja ezenelisa isifiso sokudla:

• Izinsiza zotshani bekati: Ngaphandle kwegama, lezi zinsiza zikakolweni, i-oat, noma zotshani bebhali ziphephile ezinjeni futhi zingatshalwa endlini.
• Wheatgrass: Iphezulu nge-chlorophyll ne-fiber, abanikazi bezinja abaningi abakhathalela impilo banikeza amanani amancane
• Amakhambi aphephile ezinja: I-Basil, i-rosemary, ne-parsley ngamanani amancane anganikeza ukunambitheka okuthakazelisayo nokuthungwa

Ukulungiswa Kwezokudla

Sebenzisana nodokotela wakho wezilwane ukuze uthuthukise ukudla kwenja yakho:

• Cabangela ukudla kwezinja kwekhwalithi ephezulu nokuqukethwe kwefayibha efanele
• Ezinye izazi zokudla okunomsoco wezilwane zitusa ukwengeza amanani amancane emifino eshisiwe
• Qinisekisa ukuthi i-hydration efanele, njengoba ukuphuza amanzi anganele kungaba nomthelela ekuphathekeni kokugaya ukudla

Ukucebisa Imvelo

Ukudla utshani okuhlobene nesithukuthezi kuvame ukuphendula kahle kulokhu:

• Amathoyizi asebenzisanayo adinga ukuxazululwa kwezinkinga
• Ukuzivocavoca okuvamile okufanele iminyaka yobudala kanye nohlobo
• Izikhathi zokuqeqesha ezinikeza ukukhuthazwa kwengqondo
• Izinsuku zokudlala ezihleliwe nezinye izinja
• Amathoyizi ajikelezayo ukuze alondoloze ubusha kanye nentshisekelo

Ukudala Indawo Ephephile Yangaphandle

Uma ungakwazi ukuvimbela ukudla utshani ngokuphelele:

• Gcina ingxenye yegceke lakho ehlala ingelashiwe ngamakhemikhali
• Cabangela ukuhlola inhlabathi ukuze uthole ukungcola uma uhlala endaweni enomlando wezimboni
• Qaphela ukuthi yiziphi izitshalo ezikhula ezindaweni inja yakho ekwazi ukufinyelela kuzo
• Dala izindawo ezikhethiwe zokumba noma zokuhlola ezinokwakheka kwezwe okuphephile kwezinja

Ungamshayela Nini Udokotela Wezilwane

Nakuba ukudla utshani okuningi kuyingozi, izimo ezithile zidinga ukunakwa kochwepheshe:

• Ukudla utshani okuhambisana nokuhlanza okuphindaphindiwe noma isifo sohudo esithatha amahora angaphezu kwama-24
• Ukwanda okuphawulekayo kokusetshenziswa kotshani ngaphandle kwencazelo esobala
• Ukungeniswa kwezitshalo ezingase zibe nobuthi eduze kotshani
• Izimpawu zokuvaleka kwamathumbu (imizamo ephindaphindiwe engaphumelelanga yokuhlanza, ubuhlungu besisu, ukukhathala)
• Igazi emhlanzweni noma endle ngemva kokudliwa utshani

Udokotela wakho wezilwane angasiza ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokudla utshani okuvamile kanye nezimpawu ezidinga ukungenelela kwezokwelapha.

Isiphetho: Ukuqonda Inja Yakho Edla Utshani

Isayensi ebangela ukuthi kungani izinja zidla utshani yembula ukuthi lokhu kuziphatha okungavamile ngokuvamile kumelela umuzwa wemvelo we-canine ovamile kunokuba imbangela ye-alamu. Kusukela ekuzivumelaniseni kokuziphendukela kwemvelo kuya ekuziphatheni okusebenzayo, ukudla utshani kufeza izinhloso ezihlukahlukene ku-canine yokuziphatha kwe-canine repertoire.

Ngokuqonda lezi zisusa eziyisisekelo, ungakwazi ukuhlola kangcono lapho inja yakho yokufuya utshani ingenabungozi nalapho ingase ibonise isidingo sokunakekelwa kwezilwane. Ezinjeni eziningi, ukudla okulula kotshani ngezikhathi ezithile kuyingxenye yokuba inja - insalela yefa lazo lasendle elivezwe ekuphepheni kwegceke lakho.

Njengodokotela wezilwane kanye nomnikazi wezinja, ngifunde ukuthi ukuziphatha okuningi kwezinja “okungajwayelekile” kunengqondo ngokuphelele uma kubhekwa nge-lens ye-canine evolution kanye ne-physiology. Ngakho ngokuzayo lapho ubamba umngane wakho onoboya eklaba egcekeni, uyoba nokuqonda okujulile kwalokhu kuziphatha okuthakazelisayo okuxhumanisa abangane bethu basekhaya nokhokho babo basendle.

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Umbuzo: Ingabe kufanele ngiyekise inja yami ekudleni utshani?

IMP: Ezimweni eziningi, ukudla utshani ngezikhathi ezithile akudingi ukungenelela. Kodwa-ke, kufanele uvimbele ukufinyelela etshanini obufakwe amakhemikhali futhi uqaphe ukuthi budliwe kakhulu noma mayelana nezimpawu. Uma ukuziphatha kubonakala kuyimpoqo noma kuhambisana nezinye izimpawu, thintana nodokotela wakho wezilwane.

Umbuzo: Ingabe ukudla utshani kusho ukuthi inja yami inokudla okunempilo?

IMP: Ucwaningo lwesayensi aluzange lusungule ukuxhumana okucacile phakathi kokuntuleka kokudla okunomsoco kanye nokuziphatha kokudla utshani. Izinja eziningi ezidla utshani eziphelele futhi ezilinganiselayo zidla utshani naphezu kokuba nezidingo zazo zokudla okunomsoco zahlangatshezwana nazo. Kodwa-ke, ukuxoxa ngokudla kwenja yakho nodokotela wakho wezilwane kuhlale kunenzuzo uma unezinto ezikukhathazayo.

Umbuzo: Kungani inja yami idla utshani kodwa ingaphalazi?

IMP: Nakuba ukuhlanza kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nokudla utshani, ucwaningo lubonisa kuphela cishe u-25% wezinja ezidla utshani ezivame ukuhlanza ngemva kwalokho. Izinja eziningi zibonakala zijabulela ukunambitheka noma ukuthungwa kotshani futhi zibugaye ngaphandle kokukhishwa. Ukuziphalaza ngokwakho kungenye yezisusa ezimbalwa ezingase zisetshenziswe ekusetshenzisweni kotshani.

Umbuzo: Ingabe utshani obuthile bungcono noma buphephile ukuze izinja zibudle?

IMPENDULO: Utshani obungaphekiwe, obungenazibulala-zinambuzane buphephe kakhulu. Amahlumela otshani obusha angase agayeke kakhulu futhi mancane amathuba okuba abangele ukucasuka. Abanye abanikazi bezinja batshala utshani obukhethekile bezilwane ezifuywayo (ngokuvamile ukolweni, i-oat, noma utshani bebhali) endlini ukuze busetshenziswe ngokuphephile. Njalo qinisekisa ukuthi inja yakho ayikwazi ukufinyelela utshani obunamakhemikhali.

Umbuzo: Ingabe ukudla utshani kungabangela ukuvaleka kwamathumbu ezinjeni?

IMP: Ukuvaleka kwamathumbu otshanini akuvamile ezinjeni kodwa akwenzeki, ikakhulukazi ezinhlotsheni ezincane ezidla amanani amakhulu. Okukhathaza kakhulu ukusetshenziswa okungase kube khona kwamakhemikhali anobuthi otshanini obuhlanziwe noma ukungeniswa kwezitshalo eziyingozi eduze notshani. Uma inja yakho ibonisa izimpawu zobuhlungu besisu, imizamo ephindaphindiwe engaphumelelanga yokuhlanza, noma ukudangala ngemva kokudla utshani, thintana nodokotela wakho wezilwane ngokushesha.

Okubhekwayo

1. Hart BL, Hart LA, Thigpen AP, Tran A, Bain MJ. (2022). "Indida ye-canine conspecific coprophagy nokudla utshani: isifundo sokubheka." Imithi Yezilwane Nesayensi, 8(2), 551-559.
2. McKenzie SJ, Brown WY, Price IR. (2021). "Ukuhlolwa kokudla okuklanyelwe ukunciphisa i-canine pica." Ijenali Yokuziphatha Kwezilwane, 41, 5-12.
3. Sueda KLC, Hart BL, Cliff KD. (2020). "Izici zokudla izitshalo ezinjeni." Isayensi Yokuziphatha Kwezilwane Esetshenziswayo, 111(1-2), 120-132.