Imizwa yomuntu yehluke kanjani ezilwaneni? Kunjani ukuba yinja

Kugcine ukubuyekezwa ngoJuni 14, 2021 ngu Izinja Vets

Imizwa yomuntu yehluke kanjani ezilwaneni?

Kuzwakala kanjani ukuba yinja?

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwemizwa yezilwane nemizwa yabantu ukuthi izilwane azinayo imizwa exutshwe njengabantu abajwayelekile.

Izilwane azikho mbumbulu; abanabo ubudlelwano benzondo yothando phakathi kwabo noma nabantu. Lesi ngesinye sezizathu esenza abantu bathande izilwane kakhulu; izilwane zithembekile.

Uma isilwane sikuthanda, sizokuthanda noma kanjani. Akunandaba ukuthi ubukeka kanjani noma wenza imali engakanani.

Lokho okunye ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-autism nezilwane: abantu abane-autistic banemizwa elula kakhulu. Yingakho abantu abajwayelekile besichaza njengabamsulwa. Imizwa yabantu abane-Autistic iqondile futhi ivulekile, njengemizwa yezilwane. Asiyifihli imizwa yethu futhi asikho okungaqondakali.

Kanjalo nezingane. Ngokomzwelo, izingane zifana nezilwane ne-autistic, ngoba izingobe zezingane zangaphambili zisakhula futhi azivuthwa kuze kube isikhathi esithile lapho sezikhulile.

Ama-lobes angaphambili ayi-chorus eyodwa enkulu ehlangene ehlanganisa konke ndawonye, ​​kufaka phakathi imizwa enjengothando nenzondo, okungenzeka ukuthi igcinwe ingcono ngokwehlukile.

Lesi ngesinye isizathu sokuthi inja ingafana nengane yomuntu: imizwa yezingane iqondile futhi iqotho njengenja.

Umfana noma intombazane eneminyaka eyisikhombisa igijima endlini ibingelela ubaba wayo lapho ebuya emsebenzini, njengenja.

Ngicabanga ukuthi izilwane, izingane nabantu abane-autistic banemizwa elula ngoba ubuchopho babo abukwazi ukwenza ukuxhumana, ngakho-ke imizwa yabo inqanyuliwe.

Akekho owaziyo ukuthi kungani umuntu omdala one-autistic enenkinga yokwenza ukuxhumana ngoba ama-lobes ethu angaphambili angosayizi ojwayelekile. Ubuchopho be-autistic bufana nehhovisi lebhizinisi elakhiwa ngosayizi ofanayo, lapho ukuphela kwendlela yokukhuluma nomunye umuntu ngefeksi.

Ayikho ifoni, i-imeyili, izithunywa, nabantu ohamba nabo. Imishini nje yefeksi. Ngakho-ke umphumela uyizinto ezingaphansi kakhulu futhi yonke into iqala ukuwohloka. Eminye imilayezo idlula kahle; eminye imilayezo iyahlanekezelwa uma ifeksi ishicilelwe kahle noma isiminyaminya sephepha; eminye imiyalezo ayidluli nhlobo.

Iqiniso ukuthi yize abantu abane-autistic benama-neocortexes asezingeni elilinganayo anelobes elingaphambili elijwayelekile, ubuchopho bethu busebenza sengathi ama-lobes ethu angaphambili mancane kakhulu noma awuthuthukisiwe ngokuphelele.

Ubuchopho bethu busebenza kakhulu njengengqondo yengane noma yesilwane, kepha ngezizathu ezihlukile.

Lapho izingxenye ezahlukahlukene zobuchopho zihlukile futhi zingakhulumisani kahle, ugcina unemizwa elula necacile ngenxa yokuhlukaniswa ngamakhompiyutha.

Ingane ingathukuthelela umama wayo noma ubaba umzuzwana owodwa, bese ikhohlwa ngokuphelele ngayo ngokulandelayo, ngoba ukusangana nokujabula yizizwe ezihlukene. Ingane igxuma isuke komunye iye komunye kuye ngesimo.

Ngezilwane, ubona into efanayo. Imizwelo enamandla ezilwaneni imvamisa njengokuduma kwezulu okungazelelwe, ziyaqhuma bese ziyabuyela emuva. Izinja ezimbili ezihlala ndawonye endlini eyodwa zingabhodla umzuzwana owodwa bese ziphinde zibe abangane abakhulu ngokulandelayo.

Kuthatha abantu abajwayelekile isikhathi eside ukudlula umuzwa othukuthele futhi nalapho umuntu omdala ojwayelekile edlula umuzwa omubi, banokuxhumana okungapheli phakathi komzwelo othukuthele nomuntu noma isimo esibacasulile.

Lapho umuntu ojwayelekile ethukuthelela othandekayo ngokufutheka, ubuchopho bakhe buyayibamba intukuthelo nothando futhi ayikhumbule. Ngenxa yecortex yakhe engaphambili ethuthuke kakhulu, exhumanisa yonke into nakho konke okunye, ubuchopho bakhe bufunda imizwa exubile ngalowo muntu noma leso simo.

Ngabe izilwane zinemizwa ngempela?

Omunye wemibuzo eshisa kakhulu ocwaningweni lokuziphatha kwezilwane “Ngabe izilwane zinemizwa ngempela?“. Impendulo elula neqondile yile: “Vele bayakwenza."

Vele ubabheke, ubalalele, futhi uma ulinga, phunga iphunga elivela ekusebenzisaneni kwabo nabangane nezitha. Bheka ubuso babo, imisila yabo, imizimba yabo, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, amehlo abo.

Lokho esikubona ngaphandle kusitshela okuningi ngalokho okwenzeka ekhanda nasenhliziyweni yesilwane. Imizwa yezilwane ayimangalisi kangako.

Kepha manje sebembalwa abagxeki; omagazini abadumile besayensi banyathelisa ama-eseyi enjabulo yamagundane, usizi lwezindlovu, nozwelo lwamagundane, futhi akekho noyedwa olula ijwabu leso.

Impikiswano yangempela akukhona ukuthi izilwane zinemizwa yini, kepha kungani imizwa yezilwane iguquke. Kalula nje, imizwelo iguquke njengokuzivumelanisa nezinhlobo eziningi.

Zisebenza njengengcina yenhlalo ebophela izilwane komunye nomunye, futhi iphinde ivuselele futhi ilawule ukuhlangana okuningi kwezenhlalo phakathi kwabangane nezitha.

Imizwelo ivumela izilwane ukuthi ziziphathe ngokuvumelana nezimo futhi zivumelane nezimo, zisebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuziphatha ezinhlobonhlobo zezilungiselelo. Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi amagundane angamagundane azwelayo, kepha kuvela ukuthi nawo amnandi.

Siphinde safunda izindaba zama-iguana afuna injabulo; imikhomo yokuzijabulisa; izimfene ezithukuthele; izindlovu ezihlushwa yimicabango engokwengqondo kanye nengcindezi yangemva kwenhlekelele (PTSD - izindlovu abe enkulu i-hippocampus, isakhiwo sobuchopho somzimba esibalulekile ekucubunguleni imizwelo); ama-otters asosizini, izimpimpi, Futhi izimbongolo; inhlanzi ebucayi; futhi a inja ebonayo enenja 'engaboni ngokuphelele' yomlingani wayo.

Namuhla, umbono usushintshile kwaze kwaba sezingeni lokuthi umthwalo wobufakazi manje wehlele kulabo abasagcina ukuthi izilwane azizwani nemizwa.

Singalindela ukuthola ubudlelwano obungokomzwelo obuseduze, obubekezelayo nobumnandi phakathi kwamalungu ohlobo olufanayo, kepha ubudlelwano obungenakwenzeka futhi buba khona phakathi kwezilwane zezinhlobo ezihluke ngokuphelele, ngisho naphakathi kwezilwane ezivame ukuba yizisulu nezisulu!

Ukuphikisana nokuba khona kwemizwa ezilwaneni kuyibhayoloji embi. Izifundo zesayensi ku-biology yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, i-ethology yokuziphatha (ukutadisha izingqondo zezilwane) kanye ne-neuroscience yezenhlalo kusekela umbono wokuthi izilwane eziningi nezinhlobonhlobo zinempilo ecebile nejulile yomzwelo. (Lapha ngigxila ezilwaneni ezincelisayo, yize kunemininingwane ephakamisa ukuthi izinyoni mhlawumbe nezinhlanzi zizwa ubuhlungu nokuhlupheka ngaphezu komzwelo.)

Ama-Mirror neurons asiza ukuchaza imizwa efana nozwela. Ukufundwa kwala ma-neuron kusekela umbono wokuthi abantu bayayizwa imizwa yabanye.

Ama-Mirror neurons asivumela ukuthi siqonde indlela yokuziphatha komunye umuntu ngokucabanga ngathi senza isimilo esifanayo bese sizikhumbuza ngengqondo ezicathulweni zomunye umuntu.

Ukuthi lezi zinhlobo zabiwa ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene kangakanani kusazobonakala, kepha kunobufakazi obuqand 'ikhanda bokuthi abantu ababodwa. Izinkawu zikaDiana nezimfene ziyasizana ngokudla, kanti izindlovu ziduduza abanye abasosizini.

Ihluke kanjani imizwa yabantu ezilwaneni

Ama-Mirror neurons nawo asiza ekuchazeni ukubonwa kwezinkawu ze-rhesus, ezingakwamukeli ukudla lapho enye inkawu ihlupheka ngokwenza njalo, namagundane anozwelo, aphendula ngokuqinile kwizikhuthazo ezibuhlungu ngemuva kokubuka ezinye amagundane asezinhlungwini.

Imingcele phakathi kwabo nathi ifiphele futhi iyavuleka, futhi ukutadisha imizwa yezilwane kusiza ukwazisa umbuzo omkhulu wokuthi singobani.

Omunye umbuzo omkhulu ophendulayo ovela ekutadisheni imizwa yezilwane uthi, "Ngabe izilwane zingaba ngabantu abaziphethe kahle?" Ekuguqukeni kwalesi simo, engikubiza ngokuthi ubulungiswa basendle, ngithi bangakwazi.

Qaphela: Izilwane eziningi zazi okungalungile kokungalungile futhi ziphila ngemithetho yokuziphatha.

Lapho abantu bengitshela ukuthi bayazithanda izilwane ngoba bayazazi izidalwa bese beqala ukuzihlukumeza, ngiyabatshela ukuthi ngiyajabula ukuthi abangithandi.

Imvamisa ngibuza abacwaningi abenza umsebenzi wokuhlasela ngezilwane noma abantu abasebenza emapulazini asefektri: 'Ungakwenza lokho nenja yakho?' Abanye abantu bayabhaca lapho bezwa lo mbuzo, kepha uma abantu bengenzi izinja zabo lokho abakwenzayo nsuku zonke kwezinye izinja noma amagundane, amagundane, amakati, izinkawu, izingulube, izinkomo, izindlovu, noma izimfene, sidinga ukwazi ukuthi kungani.

Akungabazeki ukuthi lapho sikhuluma ngalokho esingakwenza nesingakwazi ukukwenza kwezinye izilwane, yimizwa yazo okufanele iqhube izingxoxo zethu futhi isisebenzele.

Imizwelo izipho ezivela kokhokho bethu. Sinazo nezinye izilwane. Akufanele neze sikukhohlwe lokho. Singakwazi ukwenza kangcono njalo uma kukhulunywa ngenhlalakahle yezilwane. Isikhathi esiningi, 'inhlalakahle' ayanele ngokwanele.

Kunjani ukuba yinja

Njengoba ngingeyona inja, ngingaqagela nje ukuthi bazizwa kanjani ngokuya ngemikhondo enginikwa yizinja zami.

Ngiyazi ngokwami ​​ukubona ukuthi izinja ezingajabule ezindlini zezinja aziqeqeshelwanga ukulala lapho zidle.

Izinja ezikhungweni zokulawulwa kwezilwane azikaze zijabule kuze kube yilapho umuntu eza ukuzibona futhi acabange ukuthi angathola ithuba lokuphuma.

Umndeni wami uthathe izinja ezi-3 ekulawuleni izilwane nakwezinye izindawo zokukhosela nge-D-Day. Babebukeka bedabukile, bethukile kanti owokugcina wayedabukisa ngosuku olulandelayo. Wayegula kakhulu kwakudingeka simyise kudokotela wezilwane ukuze avakashele emotweni futhi uma sebesesibhedlela ubusuku bonke. Kuthathe isikhathi esingaphezu kweviki lothando nemithi ukumenza ngcono.

Ngicabanga ukuthi izinja namakati kungenzeka azizwe ngendlela efanayo ngaphandle uma inja ilinyazwe ukunganakwa okukhulu noma ukuhlukunyezwa ngokomzimba okuvela esihlotsheni, njengenye indaba yenja yokuhlenga.

Wayeyiphupho elibi endlini. Wadabula izinto wahudulela indlu yonke emgqonyeni wezibi, wakaka lapho wayelele khona futhi engenandaba.

Babemthanda noma kanjani futhi bamlalisa ebusuku ukuze azohlala nathi endlini. Bahlanza ikesi lakhe njalo ekuseni futhi bamgeza, balungisa isikhumba sakhe noboya ukuvimbela ukoma ngokweqile, bamkhiphela ngaphandle, bazama ukumdlala nokumvocavoca.

Wayengaqeqeshi futhi engadlali njengezinye izinja. Babesamncamisa, bemphakela, futhi bemthanda sengathi wayengomunye wezingane zethu. Kwakunzima ngempela.

Abaphenyi bakhiqize ikhathalogu yokubukeka kobuso ehambisana nemizwa ehlukene ezinjeni. Imisipha emibili yeso inhle kakhulu ekuboniseni ukukhathazeka, ukudabuka, noma ukunakwa.

Ishiya ohlangothini lwesobunxele lobuso lisebenza kakhulu lapho izinja zibona abanikazi bazo, mhlawumbe ngoba zihambelana nohlangothi lwangakwesokudla lobuchopho, olulawula ukukhuluma ngokomzwelo. Futhi imisila yomdlwane wakho ekubuyeni kwakho iba namandla ngokwengeziwe uma ungasekho.

Abanye abacwaningi bezilwane basebenzise i-infrared thermography ukubheka ushintsho ekushiseni kwendlebe yenja ezimeni ezahlukahlukene: yehla lapho izinja zizodwa futhi zikhathazekile, futhi iphakama lapho umnikazi wazo ebuya.

Kodwa umlando wakamuva wesayensi ukhombisa nokungahambisani ngendlela esicabanga ngayo ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwesilwane. Kulelikhulu leminyaka elidlule, isayensi yaseNtshonalanga uqobo yenqabile ukuveza imizwa ngezilwane ezingezona ezabantu.

Lokhu kuphika kwavela ekuqapheleni. Imizwelo ingokuhlangenwe nakho okuzithobayo; kwesinye isikhathi ziyabonakala nakithi uqobo, ngakho-ke kufanele sizame ukuxhumana nazo.

Ukubheka izinja ngokwesayensi, ngiyaqikelela ukusebenzisa amagama angokomzwelo ukuchaza indlela aziphatha ngayo. Nabanye abantu, sicabanga ukuthi lapho sibabona bezwa imizwa, sinomqondo wokuthi lowo muzwa “uzizwa” kanjani kubo.

Kepha asinakucabanga ukuthi isipiliyoni senja salokho okubonakala kungukufuna ukwazi noma injabulo kufana ncamashi nokwethu. Yize kunokufana okungenakubalwa phakathi kwezilwane ezincelisayo, okuhlangenwe nakho okuphilwa yizinhlobo ezihlukile - kanye nabantu bohlobo olulodwa - kwehluke kakhulu.

Owami umbono ukuthi ukube izinzwa zethu zazifakwe emzimbeni wenja, besingeke sizwe ukugcwala kwemizwa efana ncamashi neyethu.

Sibona izinja ezinezindebe ezikhuphuka emaphethelweni bese zicabanga ukuthi ziyamamatheka futhi ziyajabula, kepha lokhu 'kumamatheka' kumane nje kuyisici somzimba wazo.

Sasivame ukufunda izinkulumo zabo ezibukeka zimsulwa njengehlazo lokwenza okuthile okungalungile, kepha ucwaningo olwenziwe ebhodini lami lukhombisile ukuthi le nkulumo iqondakala kangcono njengokuthokozisa, ukuzama ukudambisa ulaka lomuntu.

Ngaphandle kobufakazi obucacile obuvela kokuhlangenwe nakho kwesilwane, ososayensi bathi, singaqiniseka kanjani ukuthi sizwa ukwesaba noma ubuhlungu nhlobo?

Ngasikhathi sinye, ucwaningo oluningi lwezokwelapha nolwezengqondo lusebenza kucatshangwa ukuthi izinja zinemizwa efana neyethu.

Isibonelo, ukuze kufakazelwe ukusebenza komuthi olwa nokukhathazeka kubantu, umuthi kumele uqale uhlolwe ngemodeli yezilwane.

Uma noma ngubani esaphikisa ngokuthi izinja azikwazi ukugcinwa zicindezelekile noma zizuze emithini elwa nokudangala, zibuyela emuva emuva eminyakeni yawo-1960, lapho isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo uMartin Seligman esethula umqondo wokuthi 'ukungabi nalusizo okufundiwe.

Esifundweni sakhe, izinja ezithuke kaninginingi ezingenandlela yokuphunyuka zamukela ikusasa lazo ngokwanele ukuthi noma zinikezwa indlela yokuphuma, zihlale nje zinganyakazi. Babefunde ukuzizwa bengenakuzisiza - babekade behlushwa yilokho esingakubiza ngokuthi ukucindezeleka okukhulu.

Izikhombo: Wikipedia, Thebark kanye WashingtonPost