Hoʻohou hope loa ma ʻOkakopa 12, 2022 e Nā ʻīlio ʻīlio
Nā ʻano ʻīlio: Papa inoa o nā ʻano ʻīlio ʻīlio
ʻO ka ʻīlio hae ke kupuna o ka ʻīlio hānai, i ʻike pinepine ʻia ʻo ka ʻīlio.
ʻO ka ʻīlio pili loa e ola ana ʻo ia ka ʻīlio hae o kēia wā, ʻo ia hoʻi ka ʻīlio hale. No ka ʻīlio hae kahiko ka ʻīlio i hala.
ʻO nā ʻīlio ka holoholona mua i hoʻomāliʻi ʻia a mālama ʻia e nā hui hunter-gatherer mua ma mua o 15,000 mau makahiki i hala, ma mua o ka puka ʻana o ka mahiʻai.
ʻO ka inoa ʻepekema o ka ʻīlio a me kā lākou waiwai i hala
ʻO kekahi o nā mea mua loa i hānai ʻia e nā kānaka prehistoric ʻo ia nā ʻano ʻīlio, a me nā ʻīlio.
Ua hānai ʻia ka ʻīlio hae, a ʻo kāna mau keiki nā ʻīlio o kēia lā.
ʻO ka inoa ʻepekema o kahi ʻīlio he Canis familiaris a i ʻole Canis lupus familiaris, ma muli o ka ʻano. Eia nā inoa ʻepekema ʻelua no nā ʻīlio.
ʻO ka ʻohana Canidae, ka mea i ʻike pinepine ʻia ʻo ka carnivorans like me ka ʻīlio a i ʻole canids, kahi i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ai nā ʻīlio, akā ʻo ka genus Canis, ʻo ia ka unuhi maoli ʻana i "'īlio,” he home ia no nā ʻīlio hae, nā ʻīlio, nā coyotes, a me nā ʻīlio hae.
Ua ʻike ʻia ko lākou ʻohana ʻohana ʻo Caninae, ʻo ia ka unuhi maoli ʻana i "canine, "ʻoiai ua kapa ʻia ko lākou ʻohana, ʻo Canini, ʻo ka “ʻīlio maoli” ohana, a ʻo ko lākou ʻohana, ʻo Canina, ka home o ka ʻano ʻīlio hae.
Nā ʻano ʻīlio a me nā ʻano
ʻO nā ʻīlio āpau o ka genus Canis kaʻana like i kahi pūʻulu o ka wehewehe ʻana i nā ʻano kino i like.
He ʻano ʻano ʻo Canis ma lalo o ka ʻohana Canine e loaʻa ana kekahi mau ʻano ola, me ʻīlio, ʻīlio hae, coyotes, a nā ʻīlio hae gula, mawaena o kekahi poe.
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā ʻano o kēia ʻano ma muli o ko lākou ʻano liʻiliʻi a nui, ko lākou poʻo nui a me nā niho, ko lākou wāwae lōʻihi, a me ko lākou mau pepeiao liʻiliʻi a me nā huelo.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā canine mai nā mammals ʻē aʻe e kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona, e like me kā lākou ʻano, ka iwi iwi, a me ka hiki ke hana hou.
No ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana iā lākou iho mai nā ʻīlio hae, loaʻa i nā ʻīlio kekahi mau ʻano ʻokoʻa e hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou. Hiki i kekahi o kēia mau hiʻohiʻona ʻokoʻa ke kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻoholo inā he ʻīlio a ʻīlio paha ka canine i nīnau ʻia.
Nā niho ʻīlio
No nā ʻīlio mai nā ʻīlio a he ʻano niho ko lākou e hōʻike ana i kā lākou ʻai ʻai ʻana ma muli o ke ʻano o nā ʻīlio i like me ka ʻīlio.
Ua kuhikuhi ʻia ko lākou mau niho a ua kūkulu ʻia no ka uhae ʻana a me ka nau ʻana i ka ʻiʻo.
Ma muli o ko lākou ʻano like me nā niho ʻīlio o nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, nui ka poʻe i ʻōlelo i kēia mau niho ʻehā ʻo kā lākou "canine.” ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona maopopo loa o ka ʻīlio, ʻo ia kona mau niho.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā canids, a i ʻole nā holoholona no ka ʻohana Canidae, he 42 niho.
He aha ke ʻano meaʻai a nā ʻīlio e ʻai ai? Ua wehewehe ʻia nā ʻai ʻīlio
Ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana mai o nā ʻīlio hae, he ʻīlio nā ʻīlio me kahi biology i hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia no ka ʻai ʻana i ka ʻiʻo. Eia naʻe, he hapa liʻiliʻi wale nō o nā ʻīlio i mālama ʻia e like me nā holoholona i kēia lā e ʻai wale i ka ʻiʻo.
ʻO ke kumu kūʻai o ka ʻai ʻīlio hou ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka ʻai ʻana i ka ʻiʻo wale nō, a hāʻawi ia i nā ʻano meaʻai ʻokoʻa.
ʻO ka ʻiʻo, ka ʻai, a me nā mea kanu hui pū ʻia me nā mea kanu a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e hana ai i ka meaʻai ʻīlio i kēia ao.
Nui nā ʻano ʻiʻo, ʻo ia hoʻi ka iʻa, ka moa, ka ʻiʻo, ka pipi, a me ka puaʻa, hoʻohana maʻamau i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka ʻai ʻīlio.
ʻuala, pī, kāloti, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe paha lau Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia i ka hui ʻana ke hoʻomākaukau ʻia kēia mau ʻiʻo.
Nui nā ʻano meaʻai ʻīlio i loaʻa, a ʻo ka mea āu e koho ai e hilinaʻi ia i nā koi ʻai o kāu pipi.
Aia nā meaʻai e hiki ke kōkua i kāu hoa ʻīlio i ke kau ʻana i ke kaumaha, a me nā meaʻai e hiki ke kōkua iā lākou i ka hoʻokahe ʻana i nā paona keu.
Aia nō nā meaʻai ʻīlio no ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Hoʻomaka ka poʻe nona ka nui ma ka hoʻoholo ʻana inā makemake mua kā lākou ʻīlio i ka meaʻai pulu a maloʻo paha, a laila neʻe aku mai laila.
Eia kekahi o nā koho nui loa i loaʻa no ka ʻai ʻīlio.
Nā hiʻohiʻona ʻīlio
ʻAʻole loaʻa i nā ʻīlio hae nā ʻano hana a me nā ʻano kino like ʻole e like me nā ʻīlio. He ʻoi aku ka ʻokoʻa o nā ʻīlio ma mua o nā mammal ʻāina ʻē aʻe, me nā ʻīlio hae.
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka phosphatase o ke koko ʻulaʻula ma ka electrophoresis gel starch o ke koko canine. Loaʻa iā lākou tymphanic bullae i peʻe a ʻoki ʻia i kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. He poepoe ko lakou lae, a aia he "hoomaha" mawaena o ke alahaka o ko lakou ihu a me ka piko o ko lakou poo.
ʻOkoʻa nā ʻīlio hae mai nā mea ʻē aʻe canids ʻo ko lākou mau ʻiʻo temporalis, nona ke kuleana no ka pani ʻana i ko lākou mau ʻāʻī, ʻoi aku ka ʻike ʻia, a nele lākou. nā ʻāhā ma ko lakou mau wawae hope.
ʻAʻohe ʻīlio a pre-caudal gland, ʻo ia ka mea e komo ai lākou i ka estrus ʻelua i ka makahiki ma mua o hoʻokahi wale nō.
Loaʻa i nā ʻīlio hae nā maka melemele a ʻulaʻula paha, e like me ka pala maka i loaʻa i nā ʻīlio maʻamau. He ʻoi aʻe ko lākou ʻili, a ʻo ko lākou mau wāwae he hapakolu wale nō o ka nui o ko nā ʻīlio hae.
ʻO Begonia, nā Poinsettia, a Aloe Vera he mau mea kanu maʻamau i hiki ke hoʻopōʻino i nā ʻīlio.
Koleka, aniani, kālika, nati macadamia, xylitol, a nicotine i he kakaikahi wale no o na mea ai kanaka he hiki ole i na ilio ke hoopau a make paha ia lakou.
ʻO nā ʻīlio, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, he omnivores a hiki ke hana me ka meaʻai i ʻoi aku ka nui o ka starch ma mua o ka ʻīlio hae, a ʻoi aku ka paʻa ʻana i ka ʻai meaʻai.
Hoʻokoe e pili ana i nā ʻīlio
Aia kekahi mau ʻohana like ʻole i ka ʻohana ʻohana Caninae.
ʻO Canini, ka ʻohana like me nā ʻīlio, pili iā Vulpini, ka ʻohana like me nā ʻīlio hae.
No ka suborder Caniformia a i ʻole Canoidea, ʻo ia nā hui carnivoran e like me nā ʻīlio. He mea ʻokoʻa loa ia i nā carnivorans e like me nā pōpoki, no ka Feliformia or Feloidea suborder o ka Kanivora.
Nā ʻano like ʻole o Dog Nā lāhui
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻīlio i nā pūʻulu like ʻole e like me nā hana i hānai mua ʻia ai lākou:
ʻīlio haʻuki
ʻO ke kumu mua o nā ʻīlio haʻuki, ʻo ia ke kōkua ʻana i ka poʻe hahai holoholona i ka hopu ʻana a me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i nā manu pāʻani. ʻOiai nā mea hoʻonohonoho, nā spaniels, a me nā kuhikuhi loea ma hahai manu, he mau ʻīlio wai ka retriever ʻauʻau a hahai manu wai.
ʻO ko lākou mau papa waho, kahi e pale ai i ka ʻino, ʻo ia ka paʻakikī a me ka wai-repellent.
ʻO nā mea hoʻihoʻi gula, nā Labrador Retriever, Nova Scotia Dock Tolling Retrievers, Cocker Spaniels, a Pokole Pokole Kelemania he mau laʻana o nā ʻīlio haʻuki. ʻO nā laʻana ʻē aʻe ka ʻO Cocker Spaniel.
ʻīlio hound
Ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā ʻīlio hound e hahai i nā holoholona honua me ka mahana o ke kino.
ʻO nā pua puaʻa ʻala Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohana i ko lākou mau ihu e hahai i nā raccoons a me nā kānaka, ʻoiai e hoʻohana nā hiʻohiʻona i ko lākou wikiwiki a me ka ʻike e alualu i nā mea pio e like me nā jackrabbits a me nā antelopes.
Ma keʻano laulā, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou i ʻelua mau ʻāpana: sighthounds a me scent hounds.
Loaʻa i kēia mau ʻīlio a pau ka manaʻo ikaika e hahai holoholona. ʻO nā ʻano like me ka Bloodhound, ka Greyhound, a me ka Dachshund nā hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻīlio hound.
Nā ʻīlio hana
ʻO nā ʻīlio i hānai pono ʻia no ka hana ʻana i ka hana, e like me ka pale ʻana i nā ʻohana a i ʻole ka huki ʻana i nā kaʻa a me nā kaʻa, ua ʻike ʻia he ʻīlio hana.
Nui nā ʻano ʻīlio hana like ʻole, akā ʻo kekahi mau laʻana ʻo ka Boxer, ka Great Dane, a me ka Rottweiler.
Kahu ʻīlio
Me nā ʻīlio lawelawe, ua manaʻo ʻia nā ʻīlio hānai he ʻano ʻīlio hana.
Kōkua nā ʻīlio lawelawe i ka poʻe me ke kino kīnā, e like me ke kōkua ʻana o nā ʻīlio kahu hānai i ka mālama ʻana i nā holoholona. He ʻokoʻa lākou mai nā ʻīlio ʻē aʻe, akā naʻe, ua kūkulu ʻia lākou no ka mālama ʻana i nā holoholona e like me ka hipa, ka pipi, a me ka reindeer.
Ua kūpono loa kekahi o lākou no nā hana ma ka pūʻali koa a me nā mākaʻi. Hele mai nā ʻīlio kahu hānai ma nā ʻano ʻano ʻano like ʻole, me ka Border Collie, ka He kahu hānai haole, A me ka ʻīlio hipa Icelandic.
ʻīlio Terrier
Ua hoʻolālā ʻia nā ʻīlio Terrier i mea liʻiliʻi i hiki iā lākou ke hahai i nā koʻokoʻo a me nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe e hūnā ana ma lalo o ka honua. Loaʻa iā lākou "ālia" hoʻouluulu, i hoʻohana mua ʻia no ka maunu bipi akā i kēia lā he mau ʻīlio hoa maikaʻi loa ma muli o ko lākou mau wāwae ikaika a hiki ke ʻeli i nā lua ʻiole.
Hoʻokomo pū ʻia nā ʻano Terrier i waena o kēia. Aia nā ʻīlio Terrier, akā ʻaʻole i kaupalena ʻia, ka Bull Terrier, ka Scottish Terrier, a me ka Welsh Terrier.
ʻO nā ʻaʻahu Curly kahi ʻano o kekahi mau ʻano terrier, e like me ka Airedale Terrier, ke Kerry Blue Terrier, a me ka Irish Terrier.
Nā ʻīlio pāʻani
Ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā ʻīlio pāʻani e mālama ʻia ma ke ʻano he holoholona hoa ma muli o ko lākou liʻiliʻi. He koho maikaʻi loa ia no ka poʻe e noho ana ma nā wahi ʻokoʻa a i ʻole nā hale o kēlā me kēia nui. ʻO nā ʻano e like me Chihuahua, Pug, a me Shih Tzu nā laʻana o nā ʻīlio pāʻani.
ʻīlio pāʻani ʻole
ʻO nā holoholona hoa, e like me nā ʻīlio i kūkulu ʻole ʻia no ka hoʻokūkū ma kekahi haʻuki, ʻaʻole e hāʻule i loko o kekahi o nā pūʻulu ʻīlio ʻē aʻe.
Aia nā ʻīlio pāʻani ʻole i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole e like me ka Bulldog, Dalmatian, a me Poodle, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Ke hele ʻoe i ka huakaʻi, loaʻa iā ʻoe ke koho e hoʻolimalima i kahi ʻīlio i aʻo ʻia e pale i kāna kanaka mai nā holoholona ʻino, e like me nā liona mauna.
ʻīlio-wolf hybrids
ʻO nā ʻīlio a me nā ʻīlio hae o kēia wā i iho mai ka progenitor hoʻokahi i ka wā i hala. ʻO nā malamutes a me nā huskies ʻelua wale nō mau hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻano ʻīlio nui i hoʻopili ʻia me nā ʻīlio hae.
Ua makemake ʻia kekahi o kēia mau ʻīlio e nā poʻe pilikino, aʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe i hoʻohana ʻia i nā hana e pili ana i ka palekana.
No ka hana ʻana, i ka hopena o nā makahiki 1990 ua hoʻomaka ke aupuni Lūkini i kahi papahana hoʻohua no nā ʻīlio ʻīlio ʻīlio a lākou i kapa ai. Volkosoby a i ʻole Volkosob.
Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau holoholona no ka mākaʻikaʻi ʻana i nā palena o Rūsia. Eia ka papa inoa o nā ʻīlio ʻewalu ke ʻano o nā ʻīlio hae.
Hōʻoiaʻiʻo
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